Anatomy Of Anorexia By Steven Levenkron - 1329 Words

The book I chose for the critical book review is, â€Å"Anatomy of Anorexia† by Steven Levenkron. This book concentrates on the importance of detecting early symptoms of anorexia nervosa. This book is suitable for parents and friends of anorexia sufferers or others who would like to inform them of this disorder. He states that it typically has to do with teenaged girls and how people who experience this mental illness need serious help. This mental illness can even cause death, if not treated on time. It mentions how girls who are obsessed over their weight and size try to lose even more weight by doing extreme workout programs and severely restrict calories. He explains ways to detect someone with the beginnings of anorexia. He mentions how†¦show more content†¦This analogy seems to really work for S. Levenkron. He is very proud of his record. He has taken on nearly 300 patients, of whom 90% have recovered sufficiently from this illness and only one of his patience t ook her life. However, parents should be quite thankful to have been notified by an expert like Steven Levenkron who knows the development of the disease and how to find a stop to it. â€Å"When small children develop a sense of trust, and later a sense of intimacy or closeness to another, and a sense of self or identity, they are not vulnerable to becoming creatures of the culture in its most extreme form as exemplified by the media: magazines, movies, and so on. But individuals who are seduced by popular trends allow these trends to define much of their identity† (20). In this quote it mentions how children at a young age develops trust in their surroundings and closeness to others. In the process, they begin looking for their own identity. Therefore, they wouldn’t become defenseless to be like people in the media. They wouldn’t get sucked into wanting to be the same, and try to be different. â€Å"Some of these traits, such as perfectionist behavior, may dis guise themselves as gifts to parents. They may see the child as independent, not needing much support in a family overburdened by other problems. A successful child who often does well in school and is socially outgoing, does not appear worrisome† (21). In thisShow MoreRelated Eating Disorders and Ballet - Anorexia Nervosa is Eating the Soul of Young Dancers3494 Words   |  14 PagesEating Disorders and Ballet - Anorexia Nervosa is Eating the Soul of Young Dancers The applauding audience, the lights, sequins and feathers, the colorful, elaborate tutus, and satin pointe shoes capture the hearts of young girls. Where else can a young girl dream of becoming a princess, a swan, a dancing snowflake or flower, or a sugarplum fairy? Where else can she be a fairy tale character like Cinderella or Sleeping Beauty? Where else can she be rescued by her handsome princeRead More Anorexia Essay3393 Words   |  14 PagesAnorexia The World Book Encyclopedia defines anorexia as, one who avoids food for psychological reasons. Most experts believe that those who suffer from anorexia are starving themselves to avoid growing into adults. It is also common knowledge among these experts that anorexics want to gain attention and a sense of being special. People say that anorexia doesnt stop at affecting the victim at hand; instead, it surpasses the anorexic. Which means that anorexia affects the personalityRead MoreThe Differences Between Married And Unmarried Women2962 Words   |  12 Pagesfeelings to another person and discomfort with close relationship are common among women with ED. These behaviors present additional challenges on partners’ ability to communicate and engaged with each other (Dick et al., 2013). Couple Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa The rational for couple-based therapy for AN. There are a few arguments for the potential benefits of couple-based intervention for AN. First, there is little empirical evidence regarding effective interventions for adults with AN. GivenRead More Men’s Conflict With Food, Weight, Shape Appearance Essay3937 Words   |  16 Pagesthat they shouldn’t be concerned about how they look. But countless numbers of men are sacrificing important aspects of their lives to working out compulsively. This leads to distorted body images, which ties together with eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia (Adonis Complex.) The general public usually categorizes these disorders with women only. Women aren’t the only victims; men are suffering too, but just silently. According to Greek mythology, Adonis was seen as the premier modelRead MoreAdonis Complex4044 Words   |  17 Pagesthey shouldn t be concerned about how they look. But countless numbers of men are sacrificing important aspects of their lives to working out compulsively. This leads to distorted body images, which ties together with eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia (Adonis Complex.) The general public usually categorizes these disorders with women only. Women aren t the only victims; men are suffering too, but just silently. According to Greek mythology, Adonis was seen as the premier model

Is The Naplan A Psychological Test Why Or Why Not

Question 1: Is the NAPLAN a psychological test? Why or Why not? The Australian Psychological Association (APS) defines a psychological test as the measure of characteristics and abilities of an individual including aptitude and intelligence (â€Å"Australian Psychological Society: Psychological testing, 2016). As educators are increasingly building competence in psychological fields involving assessment properties, test administration, interpretation and statistics (Bowles et al., 2016), administration of tests such as the National Assessment Program in Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN), an annual assessment for students in years 3, 5, 7 and 9 which utilises psychological principles is becoming more commonplace. Unlike psychological tests†¦show more content†¦According to Cohen, Swederlik and Sturman (2013) the psychometric soundness of a test is evaluated through its validity, which ensures the test is measuring what it claims to and reliability, which ensures accuracy of the measure across different times and people. While the Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACRA) presents information regarding the informed checks and balances in place for drafting and monitoring the NAPLAN, such as quality assurance, trials, expert advice, common scales, and difficulty equating (Reliability and Validity of NAPLAN, 2010), there remains a lack of data regarding testing of the specific psychometric elements of the tool. When addressing the reliability of the NAPLAN it is important to consider the restricted number of test items included, and how this minimises the test scope and impacts on very high and very low achievers (Howes, 2013). While the move to an online format will help address some of these, there remains a belief that the test goes against what is recognised as effective assessment practise due to an inconsistency with what is being measured and what is being taught within school curriculum (Facchinetti, 2013). It is contended that NAPLAN items are more strongly based on commonsense or traditional views which can shape the results rather than providing an accurate insight into the learning of individuals or the

Australian Immigration and Immigrant-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Is Australia an Asian Country in History, Present and Future? Answer: Australia is a diverse country in every sphere be it their culture, population, climate, geography and history. Australians culture is as wide and mixed as the landscape of the country thus it is a multicultural and interracial which is highlighted in their food, cultural practices and lifestyle and experience (Laitin, Moortgat and Robinson 2012). Moreover, it also has an essential heritage from that of its indigenous population that acts in a determined way in the cultural landscape. This diversity in Australia makes their cultural environment lively, innovative, energized and outward looking. Now the challenging question arise that whether Australia is an Asian country or not. If the geographical marking is considered then Australia is an island as well as a continent but they are not included in the list of Asian countries. However, it is often considered as a part of the general region that is known as the Oceania. Australia has culturally influenced from many ethnic groups from Europe, South Africa, Asia and South America. Therefore, this essay discusses about whether Australia is an Asian country or not in the past, present and future days. Australia is becoming number 1 in because of its growing number of Asian immigrations due to their multicultural phenomenon. More and More Asian is entering Australia because it is easier for them to get their first temporary resident Visa and then permanent resident Visa and finally becoming the Australian citizen. In the professional field, if other countries are to be compared then it can be observed that it is very easy to get a job (Collins 2013). However, the life style is much expensive in Australia but a middle class employee will surely earn more in Australia than in any other Anglo-Saxon country enclosing Asia. In comparison to Australias, neighbor, which is the United States, does not give so many benefits through their Heath Insurance policies as Australias health insurance policies give them. Australia however is the worlds smallest continent that does not hold any kind of impact on inflow of their populations from all over the world from the past twenty years. Moreover, in the past there it has also been seen that after overcoming the sufferings of its White Policy, it is now that not only the workers but also their whole family has immigrated to this huge country. Therefore, from the last 70 years this law has however allowed only white people especially the Anglo-Saxons and people from Greece or Italy to enter the territory of Australia. Presently, it is observed that majority of the Asian students comes to Australia because the Anglo-Saxon country that surrounds Asia, it is Australia who has the cheapest tuition fee to get a degree at the University (Lee and Ciftci 2014). Another advantage for the Asian students to complete their University degree in Australia is because after getting an Australian degree it becomes easier for them to earn a better salary and to opt for wider career opportunities (Gomes 2015). The process of availing the students Visa is also very smooth and quick than United States or Canada. Australia is very much influenced by Globalization as today the worlds economic powers are totally in the hands of Asia. Since 2010, Japan, China, India and Korea were the initial four recipients countries for exportations in Australia. Thus, together with Thailand, Singapore and Taiwan they started rendering 63% of the total number of exportations. Therefore, China and United States has important roles to play in the Australian economic security and military respectively. Recently, it has been found that Australia and Asian countries are assembling in many economic organizations like ASEAN+6, the TPP, the APEC and the FPDA. As these organizatio ns are targeting free trade concerning goods, development and growth along with stability and peace therefore they are moving ahead sidelining their past to build a brand new diplomatic association. Thus, though the facts are showing the influence of Asian countries on Australia it also clearly highlights that Australia is not an Asian country. Geographically Australia is not a part of Asia but as many experts consider that in many other ways Australia can be considered a part of Asia. For instance, many indigenous Australians are related to Central as well as South Asian populations and even few have their genetics that specify them to have a Melanesia and Papuan background. Moreover, Australia is also the member of the APEC that is Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, which publicize close ties of economy with the region of Asia-Pacific. However, many think that because of Australias participation with APEC and the economic bond that they publicize make them of among the Asian countries but that is not the reality. The reality is that Asian cultures have influenced Australians greatly for which it many wrongfully think Australia being one among them (Wood 2014). Asia has so much cultural influence on Australia that a question arises more often about the authenticity of the existence of Asian Australian culture. However, there is no such culture known as Asian Australian culture rather in Australia one singular culture exists that is solely influenced by Asia and is known as Australian culture. If the relationship between the multicultural Australia and Asian centuries is taken into consideration then it can be observed in the following ways- The association between Asia and Australia has never been that powerful but still the trade and economic activities are regulated towards Asia. Australias prosperity in Australia is mainly because of its multiculturalism. It has found that more than 2 million of the Asian people are living in Australia involving around 650,000 Chinese-speaking people. However, in a recent report published in Australia on their Capitalizing on Culture the findings say that approximate 24% of the of the Australian community belonging to the general category was from the non-Anglo-Celtic and non-North-western European cultural origins. However, only 11% of their CEOs, senior executives as 9% as well as 7% of the chairs were defined to have come from such origins. Therefore, it has been seen that from the very past Asian has a tendency to get attracted towards Australia because it has a better position geographically than any other Western nation to which the Asian countries can influence. Australia has some huge supplies of resources and minerals in the world followed by a stable government, powerful system of education, safe supply of food and water, flourishing tourism markets along with a strong record of accomplishment of capital growth among the property markets. Moreover, the Census data of 2016 has revealed that Australians are becoming more A sian than any other country. The influence of Asia is observed in the Australians as the data concluded that around 50.7% of the population has two parents who are Australian born. If the census data of 2011 is to be tallied then it can be said that there has been a fall from 54%, which further means that in the recent future the second generation Aussies will become a minority group. The 2016 census further stated that more than 6,150,000 people use to born overseas compared to the data of 2011 which figured the number as 5,280,802. Around two third of the population in Australia are born in that very country (Czaika and Haas 2014). It has now the condition that Australias greatest cities are more Asian than British which is very much highlighted in the Census data that how in unbelievably Asian migrations have flourished in Australia and changed its face. It has also been observed that in recent years the larger proportions of immigrants in the Harbor City are from China rather being from England (Bowen 2012). The residents who are born in china build up to 4.7% of Sydneys 4.8 million people in comparison with 3.1% from England. The very recent data of Australia has further revealed that the Muslim population in Australia has doubled. However, records also states that there are 30% of Australians who are not identify themselves as having any particular religion. The emerging Chinese immigrants to New South Whales are a clear indication that Australias connection with China has been replaced with Asia. In the greater parts of Sydney, it has been observed that it has become the residence for 40% of the Muslims po pulation of the nation, which has increased from 340,000 in 2006 to almost 604,000 until 2016. Almost quarter of Australians is recently taking birth overseas with 18% of immigrant arriving within the last five years. Asian people considers that Australia is the best country to raise their children because of their less competitive and healthy environmental opportunities. Not only this, Australia has better economical conditions along with stronger immigration policies for which Asians mostly prefer Australia (Dyster and Meredith 2012). In recent years many students from the Asian country has come up to study in Australia due to their vast career options along with the easy process of getting the Visa (Robertson 2013). Another major opportunity for the students is that Australian degree can help then greatly to have a successful career, which can help them to carry on with the expenses to maintain an Australian lifestyle. Asian migrants are mainly younger than European migrants that mean that the transfer from Asian is guiding the slowdown of their population. However, only 23.5% of residents recognize their ancestry in Australian, which was slowdown from 29% in 2006. In recent records, it has been seen that Australia has 300 diverse languages even including the indigenous languages (Tsunoda 2017). Thus, from the essay it can be concluded that Australia is not an Asian country neither in the past, not now and it has no chances in the future. As analyzed in the above essay I am more assured now that as the days are passing Asians are having much of their cultural influences on Australia. As per the data it is very clear that maximum of the residents in Australia is Asian population and they are so much attracted to particularly Australia is because of the opportunities the immigrants get when they fly to Australia. From the academic degrees to professional career, Asian people have occupied a large space in Australia. However, living with maximum Asians the original Australians have taken up much of the Asian culture and started believe them as Asians. Being an Australian myself, I find that maximum of my University friends are Asian and thus growing up with them, have made my fondness strong for their culture. A very small example that I recently noticed in myself is that I lik e Asian cuisines more than British cuisines References Bowen, A.M., 2012.Archaeology of the Chinese fishing industry in colonial Victoria(Vol. 3). Sydney University Press. Collins, J., 2013. Rethinking Australian immigration and immigrant settlement policy.Journal of Intercultural Studies,34(2), pp.160-177. Czaika, M. and Haas, H., 2014. The globalization of migration: Has the world become more migratory?.International Migration Review,48(2), pp.283-323. Dyster, B. and Meredith, D., 2012.Australia in the global economy: Continuity and change. Cambridge University Press. Gomes, C., 2015. Negotiating everyday life in Australia: Unpacking the parallel society inhabited by Asian international students through their social networks and entertainment media use.Journal of Youth Studies,18(4), pp.515-536. Laitin, D.D., Moortgat, J. and Robinson, A.L., 2012. Geographic axes and the persistence of cultural diversity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,109(26), pp.10263-10268. Lee, J.Y. and Ciftci, A., 2014. Asian international students socio-cultural adaptation: Influence of multicultural personality, assertiveness, academic self-efficacy, and social support.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,38, pp.97-105. Robertson, S., 2013.Transnational student-migrants and the state: The education-migration nexus. Springer. Tsunoda, T., 2017.Language endangerment and language revitalization: An introduction. De Gruyter Mouton. Wood, S.P., 2014. Australia and ASEAN: A Marriage of Convenience?. InThe Australia-ASEAN Dialogue(pp. 13-32). Palgrave Macmillan US.

Cuddle Infant Warmer Bags Business plan †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cuddle Infant Warmer Bags Business plan. Answer: Vision Statement The vision of Cuddle Infant Warmer Bags is to provide the best economical incubation services for babies born prematurely in the outskirts of Melbourne where there is no electricity and quality medical care. We expect to build it into a $30 million business within three years. Mission Statement To provide an affordable backcountry incubation services by collaborating with non-governmental organizations and the ministry of health. Goals Manufacture and distribute 1 million bags by the second year Increase gross revenues by 10% in the first year Attain profit before interest and tax of $ 1 million Establish a long-term best relationship with all our clients by Attaining 95% on-time delivery of services with 97% accuracy. Open office branches at Canberra after the first year Strategies Become internationally known for the production of economical incubation bags that do not use electricity. Concentrate on non-governmental organizations that offer health care services and the ministry of health. Establish client base by the first year of operations. Promote initial trial by offering free Cuddle Infant Warmer Bags to families with pre-mature babies. Design add-on sales by promoting the benefits of the bag and how to reheat it using water. Attract and retain key employees by offering competitive perks and rewarding performance. Action Plans Finalize on the formal business plan by 04/04/2018 Complete the test product by 20/04/2018 Launch the product in the market in Dec 2018 Launch sales campaign in Dec 2018

10 Facts for a Research Proposal on Financial Accounting

10 Facts for a Research Proposal on Financial Accounting The objective of this guide is to help you understand a specific study area and to introduce how a research on financial accounting should be done. The main objective of a research proposal is to show that the topic you want to investigate is significant enough to carry out research, the methods and strategies you’d be using are suitable and feasible, and the results are likely to be fruitful. This is a complete guide that holds all the keys and factors that you will need to prepare a research proposal. Welcome to our initial guide that focuses on facts for a research proposal on Financial Accounting. Our second guide is all about financial accounting topics which will help you decide on a specific idea to ground your paper on. To make things easier we will be providing you with a sample essay on one of the topics out of 20 so that you can get a clear picture and know how to write an interesting and detailed essay.   Our final guide covers tips and tricks that make a research propose to look legit. Valid Facts for a Paper on Financial Accounting: Financial Accounting is a particular branch of accounting that tracks a company’s money exchange transactions. It works towards the planning and handling of financial statements used to judge a company’s financial standing. Finance and accounting help run finances by controlling assets including liquid assets (cash). Finance covers important data such as expenditure and earning, which tells if a business is in profit or loss. All this information is critical to assess a business. Accounting works on the objective of providing relevant and decision-making information that represents an organizations economic activities. The guidelines and standards required to do that are called GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). However, countries like United States, Japan, Columbia, Malaysia, India, and Russia are also taking IFRS into consideration. Financial statements tend to display a formal record of the economic activities of an entity. These are composed reports that measure the financial strength, execution, and liquidity of an organization. Financial statements also reflect the financial exchanges and the events of an entity There are three types of fnancial statements: A) Statement of Financial Position: This represents the financial position of entities on specific dates. Also known as balance sheet, it consists of three parts. Namely, Assets (Capital etc), Liabilities (Credit, loan etc) and Equity (Assets minus Liabilities). B) Income Statement: It represents an organization’s performance i.e Profit and Loss over a specified time. Comprised of two parts namely, Income (Sales, Revenue etc) and Expense (Salaries, rents etc). C) Cash Flow Statement: A statement that shows how cash flows over some specified time. It is segmented into three parts: Operating Activities (Cash flowing from primary activities), Investing Activities (Involves purchasing but excluding inventories), Financing Activities (income spent or created on raising and paying debts with interest). The very first book on accounting that got published was in 1494. Divided into five parts, it provided useful information on Arithmetic, Geometry, and Proportions. The person who contributed to this was none other than the â€Å"Father Of Accounting†, Luca Pacioli. However, Luca didn’t invent the system, he just explained the methods in his book which were already being used by merchants in Venice. Auditing involves verification of financial transactions and determines the financial position of a company. While conducting an audit, the auditor examines the accounting mechanism, records, financial exchanging transactions according to auditing standards. The inspector then puts forward an opinion concerning the fairness of the money handling according to standard accounting rules. There is a possibility of four standard opinions, which are: Unqualified Opinion: This statement implies that all materials were made accessible, observed to be fair, and met all auditing prerequisites. This proves to be a favorable opinion that can be given by an auditor about an organizations operations and records. Qualified Opinion: This type of statement is issued when an organization’s materials are in order but they do not abide by GAAP principles and their financial records are not sufficient. Adverse Opinion: Such an opinion isn’t good for an organization’s repo. It means that it lacks accuracy when it comes to financial statements of materials and transactions. Disclaimer of Opinion: This opinion is a red light for the company. It states that they didn’t provide sufficient information on their records and transactions. In this case, the auditor refuses to give an opinion which is termed as Disclaimer of Opinion. Financial reporting, for the most part, includes reporting financial data to administration, investors and government about how an organization is performing over a particular span of time. Deceptive Financial Reporting may be deliberate or done mistakenly. It includes reporting false numbers or hiding important details. Accounting is now done using computer tools that offer great productivity and less margin for errors. These were the facts we put up for you. We hope they turn out to be beneficial for you and help you in your end goal which is writing a good research proposal. References: Barry Elliott and Jamie Elliott, (2011),   Financial Accounting and Reporting  koledza.lv/best/download/biblioteka/Financial_Accounting.pdf Geoff Black, (2005), Introduction to Accounting and Finance. homas P. Edmonds University of Alabama, Birmingham Frances M. McNair Mississippi State University, Philip R. Olds Virginia Commonwealth University, Edward E. Milam Mississippi State University,(1995), Fundamental Financial Accounting Concepts (8th edition). Jerry J. Weygandt, Donald E. Kieso, Paul D. Kimmel, (2013), Financial Accounting. Alexander, D., Britton, A., Jorissen, A., (2005),   International Financial Reporting and Analysis, Second Edition. Taylor, Peter, (2002),   Book-Keeping Accounting for Small Business. Business Economics Hey-Cunningham, David, (2002), Financial Statements Demystified. Allen Unwin

Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt essays

Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt essays Herbert C. Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt were contemporaries and outstanding Americans of the first half of the 20th century who both rose to the highest political office of their country. They are, however, remembered in history for widely contrasting reasons. While Hoover was a one-term President who presided over the most serious economic crisis in the country's historythe Great DepressionRoosevelt is the only US President to have been elected 4 times and is gratefully remembered for having pulled his country out of the Depression. Some people believe that Hoover was unfairly held responsible for the Great Depression and they may well be right but there is no escaping the fact that some of his policies worsened the economic crisis and it was left to the outstanding leadership of FDR and his New Deal policies that lifted the spirits of a dejected nation and reversed the downward spiral of a seemingly endless recession. When the US stock market crashed[1] in October 1929 taking the wind out of the US economy, Herbert Hoover had been in office for less than a year; hence his Presidency cannot be held solely responsible for the downturn. Hoover, nonetheless, was unable to gauge the seriousness of the situation, believing that the problem was a temporary "business cycle" that would correct itself. Due to his shy personality, he could not impress the public with the need for calm or reverse the rising "tide of fear" about the future of the economy. (Leibovich 107). Hoover's policies did not help either as he stubbornly stuck to a policy of "balanced budgets" and proceeded to increase taxes and cut back governmental spending at a time when exactly the opposite monetary policy was required. Hoover's famous "rugged individualism" and his almost dogmatic belief in "mutual self-help and voluntary giving" prevented him from the need of the ho...

Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Sustainability - Essay Example Sustainability is the agenda of leading companies and it has gained recognition as a driver for strategic product as well as business innovation (Deloitte n.d, p.1). A business that considers the change as an opportunity and come up with innovative products as well as business models to thrive in a sustainable way have high likelihood of reaping advantage, be relevant to consumers, capture market share and operate efficiently in a quick transforming world. Firms face increased expectations from investors and consumers regarding their way of operations; therefore, companies are keen to be considered as accountable corporate citizens. It is expected in the future that consumers will place strong emphasis on convenience, price and quality in making decisions regarding their shopping. In the increasingly transparent world with high number of consumers digitally empowered since information on brands and products is regularly found on and discussed in blogs, forums and in social media site s. Companies that never respond to the development increase their likelihood of being in the spotlight for the wrong reasons since brands and businesses have little control over the internet (Berns et al 2009, pp.20-26). Business proactivity, involvement and the changing consumer attitudes to sustainability increase demand for products and services responsibly produced. Therefore, the organization has to respond to the changing patterns this can be achieved through integrating sustainability within the company’s supply chain and development products that enable consumers to buy ethically. Companies neglecting to embrace the changes face the risk of their products being less relevant to the sentiment of consumers and expensive. Social media platforms like twitter and facebook ensure corporate transparency; therefore, companies have increased pressure to meet the sophisticated corporate transparency and accountability standards. In the current’s information society, corp orate offences can no longer be ignored and bad behaviour has permanent reputational as well as financial repercussions for corporations. Young people are increasingly aware of the impact they have through their buying choices thus, they buy from companies that stand for more than profit (Deloitte n.d, pp.3). Sustainability has been one of the business’s urgent mandates thus stakeholder management perspective is essential since it requires managers to establish various groups or individuals with stakes in the firm as well as incorporating stakeholders concerns into the firm’s day-to-day operations and strategic plans. Sustainability mandate has attracted the attention of leaders in business since it is the goal of business ethics. With the challenge of globalization, considerable interest is directed toward development of ways for addressing the different impacts of companies in society (Crane, Dirk and Andrew 2007, p.254-263). Most of the impacts are far-reaching such as the environmental pollution resulting from transportation, production and use of products like refrigerators and cars. Whenever in society a corporation has to engage in the debate concerning its social role in order to ensure that it becomes a major contributor of sustainability instead of being a social and environmental predator that undermines the world. Therefore, the company has a huge opportunity of

Fulton's Ice Land Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fulton's Ice Land - Case Study Example Therefore Fulton is trying to adopt some strategies which would increase its profits. Fulton’s current strategy To evaluate the current strategy of Fulton’s ice Land, the 4Cs of marketing is taken into consideration. The 4Cs includes Customer Value, Cost, Convenience and Communication (Crandall, p.57). Fulton’s Ice Land offers indoor staking with a conventional hockey rink surface. Steve operates the staking program and runs a successful hockey program which is accompanied by decent profits. Steve wants to expand his business so that he could allow 700 people at one time in the public session. Steve has 14 public staking session in his ice skating but unfortunately it has not attracted many customers. Out of which the public sessions hold on Saturday and Sunday afternoon has been the most successful, which has recorded an average of 200 people during the winter session. This session has mainly attracted the kids dropped by their parents for many hours and also at tracted few family groups. But the public session operated on Friday and Saturday evening were the biggest disappointment for Steve. This session attracted the age group of 8-14 years and only a handful of young and teenage couples affecting the environment which Steve expected to create for the dating couples and the old patrons. Later Steve limited this session for people of age group above 14 years so to get a better environment for the young crowds. In order to make the skating fun and relaxing Steve installed few lights and music which encourage people to skate to the beats of the music and couples to skate together. Steve basically tried to attract the couples and was successful. Steve hired a local radio disk jockey which attracted many young crowds and couples. Steve realized that it was hard changing the attitude of the people and most of its customers on the weekends belonged to age group of 13 and less. Thus Steve’s effort to attract the teenage and couples did not generate a positive response. Steve’s motive of expanding his public skating program was assumed to attract as many as 700 customers in a public session instead of limiting the use of ice to 12 to 24 players per hour. Steve plans to charge $200 an hour plus concession sale, the two hour public skating would be charged at a rate of $5 per person which would yield up to $3500 for two hours plus a higher concession rate. By operating a large public skating session Fulton expected to earn a profitable turnover. Fulton’s evening session on Friday and Saturday were rated at $5 per person and $1.50 for skate rental. Steve has invested more than $3000 in lighting and about $9000 in promotional activity mainly promoting the rock music radio station which proved to be a failure. Steve operated 14 sessions out of which the public session on Saturday and Sunday were the most successful. The people could choose a session as per their convenience. The kids and families usually arri ved more on Saturday and Sunday during the winter. Fulton Ice Land is situated in the northern part of USA, which is attracted by many Ice Skating rinks; therefore Fulton’s introduction of 14 public sessions would be convenient for the people to choose as per their timings and enjoy the winter with families and friends. Steve used radio as a means of communication in promoting its new offerings, which did not deliver a desired result. Steve spent almost $9000 in promoting the session over rock music radio

Interactive computer prac5 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interactive computer prac5 - Coursework Example Scott, and William Buxton). Therefore they have ability to use their both hand with better performance that the right handers. f) From the obvious expectation, the most associated factors with IP were age, preferred hand, and hours per week using computers. IP is directly linked to physical growth of specific muscles, muscular memory, and the frequency of operations per day, using mouse (MacKenzie, I. Scott, and William Buxton). g) For definition of individual point of failure, my best choice was to use a grip exerciser and worked as long as the hand was refusing to respond to physical activity. The important muscle fatigue has been practiced after the 5th sequential set of working with grip exerciser until the total devastation of muscle power. It is evident from the table given the trials gives a reason to be certain that accrued fatigue considerably drops the skill of the wrist to operate as necessary (Fitts & Peterson). To obtain the comparable effect, we use a heavy overload by joint operations during day-to-day activities. The results are easily explainable by the inability increase of hand muscles react to the necessary operations because of the substantial load by exercises. It is evident that the fatigue affects the situation with performance more considerably after 60% of load. Therefore the best drawn conclusion is that the performance can be enhanced if the preferred hand is more tangibly and physically established. k) The purpose of the experiment below is to evaluate the level of impact that a pointing device can have on the performance. This was successful with the use of machine joystick, notebook touch-pad, and a mouse can be used. The obtained results were as shown on the table below: It was more evident on the results that an unusual pointing device decreases the IP. The more unusual the device is the more substantial the influence is. This is majorly based on motoric memory of the hand muscles. When we use a

The effects of positive illusions on relationship quality

The effects of positive illusions on relationship quality A general presumption in the study of interpersonal relationships is that closeness is a significant, desired, and necessary characteristic of relationship satisfaction (Berscheid, Snyder, Omoto, 1989). According to Berscheid et al. (1989) partners physical proximity is a requirement for closeness and relationship satisfaction. However there is mixed evidence regarding reported levels of satisfaction in relationships where partners are physically separate (i.e. long distance romantic relationships, LDRRs). Because partners in LDRRs presumably have less face-to-face (FtF) interaction than partners in close proximal romantic relationships (CPRRs), the literature infers that partners in LDRRs should report lower levels of satisfaction than partners in CPRRs. Indeed, some research suggests that partners in LDRRs report lower levels of satisfaction than partners in CPRRs (Van Horn, Arnone, Nesbitt, Desilets, Sears, Giffin, Brudi, 1997). Counterintuitively, Guldner and Swenson (1995) fou nd no differences in levels of satisfaction, intimacy and trust between LDRRs and CPRRs. Limited amounts of research addresses these divergent findings with regards to relationship quality measures (i.e. satisfaction, optimism, intimacy) in LDRRs and CPRRs. The present research suggests that positive illusions, defined broadly as motivated cognitive construal processes, help to elucidate these conflicting findings. Recent research shows that positive illusions are more apparent in LDRRs than in CPRRs (Stafford Merolla, 2007). Because Murray, Holmes, and Griffin (1996a) propose that positive illusions decrease relational uncertainty, the present study suggests that partners in LDRRs use positive illusions more than partners in CDRRs because their lack of FtF interaction heightens relationship uncertainty. Positive Illusions According to Murray, Holmes, and Griffin (1996b pp), positive illusions are qualities that people see in their partners that their partners do not see in themselves. They are the result of motivated cognitive processes whereby people exaggerate the qualities and traits of their partner and understate their weaknesses in the face of relationship doubt and uncertainty (Murray et al. 1996a). Murray, Holmes, and Griffin (1996a) argue that people develop positive illusions of their romantic partners organically through the development of their relationship. They claim that developing romantic relationships are replete with uncertainty. In the beginning of a relationship, people are learning to understand and predict their partners behavior. In order to maintain security in and certainty of the relationship, people adjust their cognitions about their partner, focusing on their virtues. Building on past literature regarding self-fulfilling effects of perceptions, they argue that by focusing on the positive aspects of their partner, people will tend to have positive interactions with their partner that contribute to a favorable view of their partner as the right person (e.g. Snyder, Tanke, Berscheid, 1977). As relationships develop, partners become more interdependent and their investments increase (e.g., Levinger, 1983). Furthermore, over time, partners become more aware of each others inherent shortcomings threatening their beliefs and idealizations that their partner is the right person. According to Murray and colleagues (1996a), as these realities grow more apparent, people become motivated to maintain confidence in their relationship and their partner provoking the idealization process. Research has shown that positive illusions have self-fulfilling effects. Specifically, intimates who idealize their partner experience greater decreases in relationship doubt and relationship conflict as well as greater increases in relationship satisfaction than intimates who do not idealize their partners (Murray et al., 1996a, 1996b). Murray and Holmes (1997) found that partners in both dating and married relationships who idealized each other experienced greater love, greater trust and less ambivalence in their relationships than those intimates who did not idealize each other. In a longitudinal follow-up study the authors found that among dating couples, those people that held stronger illusions about their partner (i.e. more idealistic perceptions of their partner) initially were less likely to terminate the relationship than those individuals who held less idealistic illusions about their partners. Given that positive illusions fend off relational uncertainty (Murray et al., 1996a), the present research will examine whether associations between relational uncertainty and positive illusions are moderated by relationship type (i.e. LDRRs vs. CPRRs). Specifically, this study will address whether relationships marked by greater uncertainty (i.e. LDRRs) are likely to engender the use of positive illusions. Recent research suggests that couples in LDRRs are more likely to use positive illusions than couples in CPRRs (Stafford Merolla, 2007). They suggest a possible reason for this phenomenon. Idealizations stem from a lack of FtF interaction, a hallmark of LDRRs. Indeed they found that idealizations in LDRRs were a) more apparent than in CPRRs, b) related to a lack of FtF communication, and c) related to increased optimism about the future of the relationship. Although initial evidence supports the idea that positive illusions are used as a way to cope with the lack of FtF interaction in LDRRs, there are a number of limitations that need to be addressed (small sample size, possibility of other mediated channels of communication). Future research should address these limitations and offer alternative explanations for why positive illusions are more apparent in LDRRs than in CPRRs. This is because the divergences between the two relationship types are presumably not limited to quantity of FtF interaction, but having substantive qualitative differences Because Murray, et al. (1996a) suggests that positive illusions decrease relational uncertainty, the present study suggests that partners in LDRRs use positive illusions more than partners in CDRRs because they face greater relational uncertainty. Supporting this idea, Sahlstein (2004) interviewed partners in LDRRs and found that approximately 12% of couples interviewed reported that time apart creates uncertainty and unknowns because partners are not sharing experiences. In addition, Sahlstein (1996) found that partners in LDRRs and CPRRs who were more certain of interaction rituals (i.e., interaction that occurs in a fixed manner at a fixed time) were more likely to report higher relationship satisfaction than partners who were not certain of interaction rituals. Relational Uncertainty According to Knobloch and Solomon (2002b), romantic relationships are prime contexts for experiencing uncertainty. Relational uncertainty is the degree of confidence that people have in their perceptions of involvement within interpersonal associations (Knobloch Solomon, 1999).There are three main sources of relational uncertainty that arise in romantic relationships: self uncertainty, partner uncertainty, and relationship uncertainty (Knobloch Solomon, 1999; Knobloch, Solomon, Cruz, 2001). Self uncertainty includes partners reservations about their own involvement in the romantic relationship. Partner uncertainty involves peoples doubts about their partners participation in the relationship. Relationship uncertainty constitutes doubts about the relationship itself. During relationship development, people are learning to navigate, understand, and predict their partners behavior. People experience uncertainty about their own and their partners goals, beliefs, emotional states, etc. (Berger, 1995). Because relational uncertainty is a negative aversive state, partners are motivated to reduce this feeling, especially if they want to remain committed to their partner and their relationship. Prior research has found that relational uncertainty is positively related to negative relationship outcomes such as jealousy (Knobloch, Solomon, Cruz, 2001) and negatively related to positive relationship outcomes such as intimacy (Knobloch Solomon, 2002; Thesis Solomon, 2008). Because LDRRs are characterized by relational uncertainty (Cameron Ross, 2007; Shalstein, 2004) and experienced uncertainty is linked to negative relational outcomes (decreases in intimacy, increase in jealousy), the present study will investigate the moderating effects of relationship type (LDRR or CPRR) on the relationship between relational uncertainty and positive illusions, as well as relationship quality measures (i.e., satisfaction, intimacy, optimism). Outline of proposed study and hypotheses The present study contributes to the growing literature on LDRRs by investigating a mediation model of relationship satisfaction moderated by relationship type (LDRR or CPRR) in order to explain how and why partners in LDRRs differ from partners in CPRRs in reports of relationship quality measures (i.e. satisfaction, intimacy, optimism). Within such parameters, this work focuses on positive illusions as a possible mediator of the relationship between relational uncertainty and relationship quality (i.e. satisfaction, closeness and optimism). In addition, the current study suggests that relationship type (LDRRs or CPRRs) will moderate the relationship between relational uncertainty and positive illusions (mediator variable) such that relational uncertainty will be associated with greater positive illusions for partner in LDRRs than partners in CPRRs. This study is a 2 (relationship type: LDRR vs. CPRR) x 2 (relational certainty: low vs. high) x 2 (positive illusions: low vs. high) bet ween groups factorial design. The dependent measures are relationship satisfaction, intimacy, and optimism. Hypotheses Prior research indicates that relational uncertainty is associated with jealousy (Knobloch et al, 2001), negative emotion (Aune et al., 1994), and decreased liking for a romantic partner (Kellerman Reynolds). Additionally, research suggests that uncertainty reduction fosters feelings of intimacy (Knobloch Solomon; Theiss Solomon, 2008). In line with this research, the present study proposes: H1: People who are uncertain about their relationship will report lower levels of satisfaction and intimacy in their relationship than people who are certain about their relationship. Murray et al (1996a) argue that positive illusions develop naturally through relationship progression. According to them, partners idealize their partners exaggerating their qualities and understating their weaknesses in the face of relational uncertainty. In addition, Stafford and Merolla (2007) suggest that lack of FtF interaction leads partners in LDRRs to idealize their partners more than partners in CPRRs. They also found that positive illusions in LDRRs were related to feelings of optimism about the future of their relationship. These findings, taken together, suggest that positive illusions act as a coping mechanism for partners who face relational uncertainty. Formally stated: H2: People who are uncertain about their relationship will idealize their partners more than those people who are certain about their relationship. H3: People who idealize their partner will be more satisfied with and optimistic about their relationship than people who do not idealize their partner. H4: People who are in LDRRs will be more likely to idealize their partner than people who are in CPRRs. Even though some research suggests otherwise (Van Horn, Arnone, Nesbitt, Desilets, Sears, Giffin, Brudi, 1997; Helgeson, 1994a), partners in LDRRs have been found to report similar levels of satisfaction, trust, and intimacy as partners in CPRRs (Guldner Swenson, 1995). Counterintuitively, these divergent findings suggest that partners in LDRRs and CPRRs do not significantly differ on their reports of satisfaction. Formally stated: H5: People who are in LDRRs will report similar levels of relationship satisfaction as people in CPRRs. Proposed Study Two hundred (25 people per cell) partners who are currently in a LDRR or a CPRR will be asked to participate in the present study (the interest in this study is with individual responses not that of the dyad). Participants will be asked to fill out an informed consent form. Then a questionnaire will be given to each participant. This questionnaire will include a question about relationship status, as well as measures of relational uncertainty, positive illusions, satisfaction, intimacy, and optimism. In addition, participants will be asked to fill out a demographic questionnaire (age, length of relationship, attachment style, etc.) Results Overview of Analytic Strategy Given that couples in contrast to individuals served as participants, partners responses will likely be interdependent. Advised by Kenney (1988), couples will serve as the unit of analysis. Hypothesis 1 predicts that people who are certain about their relationship will report lower levels of satisfaction and intimacy than people who are certain about their relationships. A MANOVA will be conducted with sex as the within-dyad factor and relational certainty (low or high) as the between subjects factor. Hypothesis 2 predicts that uncertain people will idealize their partners more than those people who are certain. A MANOVA will be conducted with sex as the within-dyad factor and relational certainty as the between subjects factor. Hypothesis 3 predicts that people who idealize their partner more will be more satisfied than people who do not idealize their partner. A MANOVA will be conducted with sex as the within-dyad factor and positive illusions (high or low) as the between subjects factor. Hypotheses 4 and 5 predict that people in LDRRs will idealize their partner more than people in CPRRS but that both partners in LDRRs and in CPRRs will report similar levels of satis faction. A MANOVA will be conducted with sex as the within-dyad factor and relationship type (LDRR or CPRR) as the between subjects factor. Discussion The purpose of the current research is to add to the burgeoning literature on LDRRs. Specifically, the goal is to show that positive illusions mediate the relationship between relational uncertainty and relationship quality measures. In addition, the present study suggests that relationship type moderates the relationship between relational uncertainty and positive illusions. If the proposed hypotheses are supported, there will be implications for future research focused on positive illusions and LDRRs. Specifically, the results of this study could be applied to a therapeutic setting. If positive illusions are found to be related to positive relationship outcomes then therapists could teach couples to use this coping technique as a way to deal with the stress of maintaining a LDRR. One limitation of the proposed study is that the variables of interest are measured not manipulated. If the present results are supported, future research should attempt to manipulate relational uncertainty to determine if there is a causal relationship between uncertainty, positive illusions, and relationship quality measures. Although to date there are no relational uncertainty manipulations, future research should modify the self uncertainty priming procedure discussed in Hogg, Sherman, Dierselhuis, Maitner, and MoYtt (2007) for this purpose. In addition to conducting experiments, future research should also study other possible moderators of the proposed model. For example, attachment style as a moderator, do insecurely attached partners feel even more uncertain in LDRR than securely attached partners? If so, would they be even more or less likely to use positive illusions. Future research should address these intriguing questions. The present study also brings up a number of conceptual issues and questions. For example, although positive illusions counteract doubts people hold about the realities of their partners imperfections and relationship problems, are there some more severe relationship problems that should not be construed and instead be directly addressed? Recent research suggests that these cognitive construal processes are maladaptive for partners who face more severe or frequent relationship problems (McNulty, OMara Karney, 2008). In a longitudinal study, McNulty et al. (2008) found that although positive illusions led to greater marital satisfaction in healthy marriages (i.e., less relationship problems and observed negative behavior), these cognitive processes also led to a decrease in marital satisfaction for those partners in troubled marriages. The authors suggest that partners who face mild marital problems may benefit from using positive illusions rather than facing potential conflict in ad dressing these problems. However, employing positive illusions to cope with relationships marked by more sever marital problems (physical or psychological abuse) may just exacerbate these problems over time. In relation to LDRRs, perhaps partners should not employ positive illusions over long periods of time and instead directly address problems associated with negotiating time apart if they want to ensure the future of their relationship. Another interesting issue that arises deals with how partners in LDRRs that idealize their partner fair when they make a transition from LDRR to CPRR. Recent work by Stafford and Merolla (2007) found that upon transitioning to a CPRR, people formerly in LDRRs who idealized their partner were more likely to terminate their relationship than people formerly in LDRRs who idealized their partner less. This suggests that although positive illusions might act as a coping strategy for partners who deal with high relational uncertainty, this strategy does not seem to work when the relationship type changes.

Nature vs Nurture Debate Essay -- Socialization Genes Science Nature E

Nature vs Nurture Debate Nature versus Nurture is the issue of the degree to which environment and heredity influence behavior and development. In this issue nature can be defined as, behaviors due to heredity. Which means behaviors are based on the genetic makeup of an individual and is an influence of the individuals' growth and development throughout life. On the other hand nurture are causes of behaviors that are environmental. Which means the influence is from, parents, siblings, family, friends and all other experiences to which the individual is exposed to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout my childhood, I didn't grow up free of environmental influences nor did I develop without being affected by my inherited genetic makeup. I think nature plays a significant role in a child's childhood,...

Public Education Financing Essay

In the present modern economics, public education financing is considered as one of the flourishing characteristics for the economy of any country. However, a wide variation has been observed in the financing practices related to the public education in the United States, as well as, across different parts of the globe. In this regard, differences and diversification can be observed in various economical activities that are considered especially for the public education system of a country. (Cubberley, 1916) For instance, the American educational system may also provide huge differences in terms of distribution and expenditures across the country. However, significant and noteworthy alterations have been observed in the public educational system of the United States. Over the last few years, the abovementioned theme has been a major concern of public debate at all levels. (National Association of Secondary School Principals, 1972) During the last few years, in order to get maximum funds for pubic education, different states of the US have made significant changes in public education funding system. In this regard, various experts believe that little analysis of the subject has been done in the past, and more considerations should be provided to the subject, which has an influencing effect on the education system of every country. (Rice, 1893) One of the biggest sources of public education financing is national funding system, as community wide funding system is implemented for the financing of educational activities across the country. In this regard, most of the public education financial expenses are funded at national level. In this funding system, all nationals of a country bear a substantial tax rates on income for pubic education financing. (Fitch, 1904) The important thing in this funding is that all the tax collected from individuals are funded and distributed equally among all the students, which is one of the major characteristics of a public education financing system. (Jordan, 1992) At community level, public education financing occurs at a certain community level and students receive sponsorship according to their requirements. Moreover, at community level education funding system, parents of the students support all the costs of their children’s education, which is same as private education funding. Nonetheless, at community level funding system, funding for public education is collected on behalf of communities and sorted randomly into communities contrary to perfect sorting. In this system, all contributors of the public education finance contribute same tax rate fixed by their community. Certainly, at community level, public education financing contributes a small share in overall education expenses, and this thing does not have a great impact on wide economic variable elements, such as social security benefits, etc. (National Association of Secondary School Principals, 1972) However, according to one of the experts in education, a rapid concern in the development sector has been observed in recent years, and a vital role has been played by the federal government. One of the reasons of expression of this concern is that more diversification has been observed in the capabilities of funding by the state governments. Moreover, steady increment has been observed in the mobility of these states. Lastly, the federal government has observed an important change in its perspective regarding the public education, and social welfare of the people has been given due importance during the recent years. On all the aforementioned public education-financing categories, finance education schedule is selected by agents through voting, which is carried out by either the community or federal government. It has been observed that balancing of the educational budget is performed by the provision of different taxation options to the voters by the government, and similar funding is provided according to the taxation level selected by the voters. However, it has been observed that young generation has not been given due significance by disallowing them from the voting, and education can be supported by only the voters who face the political decision.   The level of taxation is represented by a tax rate and the tax is levied on capital and labor income of all agents residing in the relevant area. When setting up the tax schedule, policy makers care only about being elected, and so they maximize the number of votes. As a result, any party in office will follow the same policy and that policy is the one that is voted for by the greatest number of agents. (Garber, 1964) During the period 2001-2002, the US spent approximately four hundred and twelve billion dollars in both elementary, as well as, secondary levels of the public education system. This budget on public education was spent with a view to declaring it the biggest single field of direct public expenditures, even beyond the national defense figures. Approximately, in the educational ground, this fund benefited around forty seven million public school students and five million of private schools. (Ana, 2004) Interestingly, per student expenditure during that period was $8,685 yearly. It has been noted by most of the experts that aforementioned budget was collected from federal, state and local sources. However, the amount spent during the year 2001-2002 on public education finance was varied form one state to another. In this regard, Connecticut was the state, which got the highest per student education funding fund, and Utah got the lowest fund for public education. In the United States, the state and the local government are responsible for public education funds. In the fiscal year of 1999, forty-nine percent of the funds for public education financing came from state appropriations in which, forty-four percent came from domestic revenue and the US federal government contributed seven percent funds for public education financing. In this regard, domestic government raised funds for education mainly through property taxes. On the other hand, for public education financing state rely on numerous funding sources such as corporate & personal income taxes, sales & excise taxes. However, public education financing from the US federal government remained constant if compare to past figures. (Jordan, 1992)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Historically, with the passage of time, a constant rise has been observed in school funding from the perspective of states. In this regard, the state contributed thirty percent in 1940, which was raised by 40 and forty-nine percent in the year 1970, as well as, 1999 respectively. However, figures of each state observed substantial variations by one another. Throughout the history of public education funding, funding sources of each state varied from others, and most importantly, the tax rates such as personal and property tax rates were varied according to states. In this context, Hawaii’s funds for education mainly came from state sources, and New Mexico public education funds came from both state and domestic sources. In this regard, it has been believed by Richard W and Lindholm that the provision of education as a local responsibility has been closely related with the imposition of property tax as a local tax in the United States. Every year, all the states contribute hundreds of billions of dollars on education financing. In order to distribute collected funds among different territories, states have designed some ground elements that differentiate territories from one another, as well as, estimate the affect of those differences on the cost of furnishing educational services, and distribute funding consequently. Besides all the factors discussed above, territory wealth in school funding is one of the most important elements that distinguish one territory to another. In this context, it has been believed by some of the experts in education, such as Torres and Puiggros that overall capability for the maintenance of students, as well as, the promotion of higher education has been improved and enhanced by the public schools, in addition to increasing the equality of educational opportunities. Actually, some territories are wealthy as compare to others. In this regard, states have designed a number of fundamental funding systems that evaluate the estimation of school territories funding levels and distribute it in keeping different grounds, such as domestic differences of wealth element. Although, different states have designed different public education funding system, but one can found many similarities in school funding structure system. Under the flat grant approach, in spite of domestic particular context, every territory gets the same flat grant for each student entered in any educational institute. Obviously, in this public education funding system it ponders that the state must assure a minimal level of funding for all educatees and then gives domestic territory liberty to increase funding beyond that level as they think fit for it. During the period of 1960s and 1970s, the power equalization funding approach arose out of the work of education crusaders; actually, they were the people who observed the huge deviations among different territories in the ability to lift domestic funds ensued in education funding inequalities. (Ana, 2004) The solution was to assure all territories a standard amount of fund for each educatee for each unit of taxation. For instance, every state is liable to determine that all school territories must be able to increase hundred dollars on each student, per mill of property tax rate. In any case, where school territory’s tax base does not able to rise forty dollar per student, in this case, the state will fulfill territory’s education funds demand of equal to difference between 100 and 40, or sixty dollar per student, per mill. (Garber, 1964) However, all districts which are considered as wealthier districts and whose tax base rate rises seventy dollars per students, per mill, will only get thirty dollars per student, per mill from the state. â€Å"In this way, the state â€Å"levels the playing field† for school districts in terms of the ability to raise revenue, ensuring that funding disparities are a result of differences in taxpayer preferences, not taxpayer wealth.† Undoubtedly, this approach shows the responsibility that all states all responsible for education funding according to their wealth and resources. The funding approach of foundation plans is presently use in almost forty states. This approach integrates components of the former described two approaches. Nonetheless, every state furnishes the deviation between the totals of revenue-raised form the domestic tax and the foundation funding level.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For instance, a state can found a foundation funding level of six thousand for each student. However, in a territory having one thousand students this will reflects a total funding of six million dollars. In this regard, if the state calculates a minimal domestic tax rate of two hundred mills increased two million in domestic property taxes, the states will have to furnish an extra fund, which will equal to the deviation between two million and six million. (Richter, 1986) In this approach, if employing the two hundred-mill lower limit tax rate in a wealthier territory with the same number of educatees increased five million, in this situation, the state is bound to furnish only one million in state’s education funds. In this regard, both territories ends up with the similar domestic tax rate and the similar combined state and domestic funding point for each student, though the proportional weight of those 2 sources is different to a great extent. It can be evaluated that this approach is designed to extenuate inequalities in domestic wealth. However, it takes the idea of equality in further steps; in this approach, typically, both outcome and opportunity are taken into consideration and rates are determined with respect of varying degrees of different states. (Williams, 1980) This foundation plan has designed to keep in mind that the domestic school territories must not enjoy limitless prudence while setting funding levels that are intolerably different from other states norms. The full state-funding plan is practically an uncommon approach for funding public education funds, in this approach of public education funding; the state is responsible for all education expenses. Hawaii is completely fit for this example; Hawaii within a single school territory combines full state funding. In suggesting or deciding public education funding policies, Hawaii is capable to eliminate, any deviations occur between domestic and state governance. Interestingly, in this public education funding system, domestic authorities have no control over levels of funding. (Ana, 2004) All the four aforementioned public education-funding categories show only the fundamental structure of public education funding plans. Nevertheless, in order to collect funds for public education most of the states use schemes that joint components of some or all of these funding plans. For instance, a state may distribute some funds through a flat grant education funding approach, or other may apply foundation plan to collect public education funding. In lieu, a state has an authority to give territories permit to raise tax rates in order to collect maximum funds for public education. It can be analyzed that the prime motive behind the public education funding is to get maximum funds, which can be used, effectively in public education. According to some public education funding reformers, public education funds schemes is just a technique to give equality among taxpayers at all levels such as property and other tax burdens. Domestic property taxes such as sales and income taxes are some of the main sources of California’s pubic education funds. In addition, these collection sources are supplemented with money from the California’s state lottery, federal government and other sundry public education funds collected domestically by school territories. The following diagram represents that how the public education funds were collected in California during the period of 2002-2003. K-12 Funding Comes From Five Sources (Ana, 2004) State Aid State aid collected mostly from California’s sales and income taxes. Property Taxes During the period of 2005-2006, property taxes were collected domestically and distributed to all schools through a formula determined by state.   Federal Aid Federal aid was appropriated for some especial purposes such as special children’s education, child nutrition programmes, child left behind programmes and so forth. Domestic Miscellaneous   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Domestic miscellaneous funds included, interest income, revenue generated from domestic parcel tax elections, communality contributions and so on. Lottery California state lottery funds were collected on behalf of public education funds on per student basis. Proposition 98 Proposition 98, the provisions of a voter initiative, this law define the responsibility of each state, under this rule every state is bound to contribute in K-12 community and education colleges. This public education funding contains both domestic property tax revenues and state monies. As far as amount of guarantee is concerned, it is determined by using a set of formulas dictated by law. Since the year 1988, one of the most crucial factors for the determination of amount of revenue received by the public schools is the calculation of the minimum guarantee, because of the passage of Proposition 98. In addition, proposition ninety-eight insures a minimal level of funding for public education. Proposition ninety-eight funds represents about eight dollar out of every ten dollar apportioned to K-12 education in California. As mentioned above, California’s public education funds, other sources include domestic sundry resources, federal government, and lottery, which shared twenty percent in Public education funds.   (Williams, 1980) Legally speaking, a minimum of thirty-four of the receipts from the California state lottery should have to be allocated to public educational institutes. Moreover, the apportioned money for each student basis, should have to be used only for instructional uses and not for research and development (R&D) purposes. In the year 2000, Proposition 20 was approved and accepted by the voters, which required that instructional materials should be considered and given due importance by half of any increment in the share of revenue collected from the lottery for the education. For the year 2005, as well as, 2006, approximately $146 per pupil was received by the districts from the above-mentioned source, from which, instructional materials were bought by roughly $25 from the total amount per student. The domestic sundry category of funds per annum shows about six percent of entire revenue collected for K-12 schools. Moreover, this public education funding was separate from domestic tax incomes the state control. It came from the sources that were domestically administered, that income generated from cafeteria sales, income from lease, income from sale of territory property and so forth. Interestingly, for less than twenty percent territory in the state, a significant source of domestic sundry income was the voter-approved domestic parcel taxes. In reality, these were some of the special types of property taxes, which were not related to the value of property. Nonetheless, according to some of the experts, one of the most important policies on the domestic level is the education system in the United States. The implementation of American ideology in the lives of American people is represented by the education system of the country, and due significance should be provided in this regard, which has been given in the past, and must be given in the coming years. (Hutchins, 1961) In the United States, both government and public are expecting a lot from educational institutions like school and colleges. In the past, educational institutes were being gainsaid to fit the demand of a country’s economy that is increasingly oriented towards knowledge in all respects and information skills. (Hutchins, 1961) At both federal and state level, present American legislative has made some changes in educational funding system and have created some new systems that will test educational institutes’ teachers’ and students’ performance. In the light of present ongoing changes in public education financing system, many experts have already said that these ongoing policies will advance education level. Conclusively, the paper has tried to study different aspects and perspectives of public education system across the world, and specifically, in the United States. It was noted during the paper that during the last few years, in order to get maximum funds for pubic education, different states of the US have made significant changes in public education funding system. Every year, all the states contribute hundreds of billions of dollars on education financing. Moreover, various features of the government financing on the federal, state, as well as, community level were discussed in the paper. Lastly, different characteristics related to the funding of the education system in the country were studied and evaluated during the paper, which will support the better understanding of its funding by the students, experts, and policy makers in the future.   References   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kenneth Forbis Jordan. (1992). Financing Public Education in an Era of Change. Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   National Association of Secondary School Principals. (1972). Financing Public Education. National Association of Secondary School Principals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lee Orville Garber. (1964). The Law Governing the Financing of Public Education. Interstate Printers and Publishers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mary Frase Williams. (1980). The Public School and Finances. Pilgrim Press.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clayton Darius Hutchins. (1961). Trends in Financing Public Education, 1929-30 to 1959-60. U.S. Department of Health Education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Otto Santa Ana. (2004). Tongue-Tied. Rowman & Littlefield.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ellwood Patterson Cubberley. (1916). Public School Administration. Houghton Mifflin Co.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Charles Elliot Fitch. (1904). the Public School. J. B. Lyon Company Printers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Mayer Rice. (1893). the Public-School System of the United States. The Century Co.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Albert J. Richter. (1986). the Impact of the Rural Recession on Public School Financing and Programs. NEW Professional Library.

Free Essays on Educational Opportunities

Attending a highly selective private school has truly provided me with an exceptional foundation. Looking back on my education thus far, with so many resources and opportunities, I wish that I would have taken more of an initiative in pursuing my education. The Bishop’s School has blessed me with educational opportunities, including knowledgeable teachers who motivate and teach students through lectures, and conversations outside of the classroom, incorporating their own real life experiences into their lessons. Guided by my teachers’ passions, I am now able to see and benefit from investing myself personally in my academics as it feeds the flame for further desire to learn. One of the most important factors in preparing myself for college has been teaching myself to become interested in learning. While this may come easier to some in my setting, reaching this goal has been one of the most challenging and rewarding parts of high school. Bishop’s has also taught me how to balance my life. In my early high school years I was primarily concerned with building rich friendships and schoolwork became secondary to that effort. I felt that talking to my friend about something important in their lives was more important than finishing a piece of homework. Looking back, I think that my attention to my social life proved to be both positive and negative: I realized that I was a compassionate friend who cared about other people, but by default, compromised my schoolwork. One thing was inescapable at my small, competitive school- pressure to be successful. It was after taking US Social History at the end of sophomore year and the cathartic feeling I experienced that I realized that school has the ability to interest me and hold that interest. That class was the first elective I took, and it was one of the first classes that I forced myself to strive to do well in, which then pushed me to take more classes that were similar. By junior year... Free Essays on Educational Opportunities Free Essays on Educational Opportunities Attending a highly selective private school has truly provided me with an exceptional foundation. Looking back on my education thus far, with so many resources and opportunities, I wish that I would have taken more of an initiative in pursuing my education. The Bishop’s School has blessed me with educational opportunities, including knowledgeable teachers who motivate and teach students through lectures, and conversations outside of the classroom, incorporating their own real life experiences into their lessons. Guided by my teachers’ passions, I am now able to see and benefit from investing myself personally in my academics as it feeds the flame for further desire to learn. One of the most important factors in preparing myself for college has been teaching myself to become interested in learning. While this may come easier to some in my setting, reaching this goal has been one of the most challenging and rewarding parts of high school. Bishop’s has also taught me how to balance my life. In my early high school years I was primarily concerned with building rich friendships and schoolwork became secondary to that effort. I felt that talking to my friend about something important in their lives was more important than finishing a piece of homework. Looking back, I think that my attention to my social life proved to be both positive and negative: I realized that I was a compassionate friend who cared about other people, but by default, compromised my schoolwork. One thing was inescapable at my small, competitive school- pressure to be successful. It was after taking US Social History at the end of sophomore year and the cathartic feeling I experienced that I realized that school has the ability to interest me and hold that interest. That class was the first elective I took, and it was one of the first classes that I forced myself to strive to do well in, which then pushed me to take more classes that were similar. By junior year...

Julius Ceasar Essays - Cultural Depictions Of Julius Caesar

Julius Ceasar Essays - Cultural Depictions Of Julius Caesar Julius Ceasar In Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Decius Brutus and Mark Antony, both Roman Senators, eulogize Julius Caesar, each using a different technique and approach. Brutus, in a somewhat arrogant, to the point, eulogy, attempts to sway the people. He justifies conspiring against Caesar by stating that Caesar's ambition would have hurt Rome. However, in Antony's eulogy, he focuses on Caesar's positive traits, and cunningly disproves Brutus' justification for killing Caesar. The fickle Romans waver between leaders, responding emotionally, rather than intellectually, to the orators. Brutus seeks to explain why he conspired against Caesar. He begins his speech with Romans, countrymen ..., appealing to their consciousness as citizens of Rome, who, he later says, will benefit as freeman with Caesar's death. This shows that Brutus knows how to lure the crowd, appealing to their better judgement as Romans. He declares that he is an honorable man, and tells them that he will let them judge the validity of his claims. That is, he will allow the truth to speak for itself. This encourages the crowd to believe him, as an honorable man. He says that he wants them to know the facts; Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge. Sharing information with the people is flattering and it almost guarantees acceptance. He gets their sympathy by saying that he loved Caesar, daring the people to find anyone who loved Caesar more. Brutus declares that he never wronged Caesar, that he cried for Caesar's love, was happy for his greatness, honored him for his courage, but had to kill him because of Caesar's ambition. He says that the reason for killing Caesar was his great love for Rome. He justifies his actions by saying that he loved Caesar but, Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. He then asks rhetorically if the people would want to live their lives as slaves under Caesar's rule or would they prefer to live as freemen with Caesar dead. To anyone insulted by his speech he wonders if, as Romans who love their freedom, they could be offended or reject what he, Brutus, says. He poses the question, Who is here so base that would be a bondman? He stresses the point, repeating the line, If any, speak, for him have I offended. I pause for a reply., allows them to respond to his rhetorical questions, giving them an even greater sense that he cares about them and their opinions. They can only respond, None, Brutus, none. That is, none are offended, they do not disagree or argue with his words or his actions. Mark Antony's eulogy utilizes a different approach. He starts out by addressing the crowd as Friends because he wants to come to them as a friend rather than a ruler trying to gain power. He then says, I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him., thus he can ease in praises of Caesar without the crowd stopping him. He sounds very sincere when he says, The noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious.... For Brutus is an honorable man. He repeats that statement three more times becoming increasingly sarcastic, saying finally, Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and sure he was an honorable man. Since the people responded positively to Brutus' speech, Antony could not insult Brutus' honesty in a direct manner. Yet, Antony disproves Caesar's ambition with three examples. One is when he gave the ransom of captives to the public treasury and not his own, another when he cried with the poor people, and finally when he refused the kingship that Antony offered him, three times. Anyone who was ambitious would never have done any such things. Antony says, I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke. , but that is exactly what he does. Antony is using a dramatic effect on the people, first by entering on the stage with the body of Caesar, and at the end stating that his heart is still with the body of Caesar, ending his speech weeping. In justifying Caesar and disproving Brutus, the people see Antony as a potential successor to Caesar. They are swayed to him by his dramatics, his underhanded way of making a point, his repetition, and compelling proof of Caesar's concern. He is able to get the people to question the rightness of killing Caesar. He has planted doubt in the people's minds, in all areas except that he, Antony, is, poor soul, an honorable. The difference between the eulogies shows us the importance of style of speech. Both try to appeal to the people, and both use repetition, but

LOreals Garnier Nutritioniste Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

LOreals Garnier Nutritioniste - Essay Example L’Oreal is a French cosmetics company engaged in the production and marketing of a range of perfume, make-up, hair and skin care products. The company operates in over 130 countries, though primarily in Europe and in North America. It markets a total of 19 global brands in different markets in form of three major categories which are: Cosmetics, The Body Cosmetics have four segments namely professional products, consumer products, luxury products and active cosmetics. Consumer products are defined as the segment that sells products through mass-market retailing channels such as supermarkets. Garnier is another example considered a consumer product.A few other brands of L’Oreal are L’Oreal Paris, Maybelline, Redken, Lancome, SoftSheen Carson, Ralph Lauren, Giorgio Armani, Viktor, and Rolf. L’Oreal has a strong brand portfolio resulting in not only steady revenues and profits but a competitive advantage in the marketplace. However, the global cosmetics busin ess is intensely competitive with companies vying for market shares. In some instances, increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced profit margins and loss of market share. Its mission is to help men and women around the world to realize that aspiration and express their individual personalities to the full. As a company that believes in good corporate citizenship, L’Oreal is keen to contribute to projects that serve the wider community and that reflect the values it has upheld for almost a century.

Operations Management Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Operations Management Assignment - Essay Example The range of technologies used in the modern retail industries have been from softwares to hardwares. The new technologies require that they become fully integrated into the retail operations of the business for their benefits to be maximized. According to McGrane (2007, p. 50-53), some of the key technologies or technological areas within the range are as follows (McGrane 2007, p. 50-53; EPoS 2007; and Prater et al. 2005): Bar-coding/scanning technology/labelling. Bar-coding, scanning, and labelling technologies have been invented years ago but not all of the retail business operations are using them. Nevertheless, the technologies are expected to be available to business operators in the coming years and there are widespread expectations that the technologies will be improved further and will become in more popular use as we go through current decade (McGrane 2007, p. 52). â€Å"Scanners are getting smarter† and â€Å"self-scanning will continue to grow† (McGrane 2007 , p. 52). The new technologies include a touch screen display, barcode scanner, weighing scales, credit card reader, cash reader and deposit unit. Wireless technologies are even being developed for bar-coding and scanning, making possible for inventory and sales monitoring and sales transaction remotely from the goods that are the subject of a transaction. Epos software & hardware. EPoS systems or Electronic Point of Sale Systems provide a way of dealing with customers that is fast and efficient because they can do calculations or total, issue receipts, keep track of inventories, and monitor sales as the sales transaction is being completed (EPoS 2010). Further, the EPoS systems can also keep track of customer information thereby enhancing the seller’s capabilities to execute customer relation management (EPoS 2010). Moreover, the EPoS systems can also directly interface with the credit card system thereby accessing more information on customers and enhancing the ability of t he firm to conduct follow-up sales and strengthen its relationship with customers (EPoS 2010). Simultaneously, the EPoS system can also identify which products are not doing well in the market (EPoS 2010) thereby enhancing a business firm’s ability to make crucial business decisions on what products lines and brands to carry. EPoS systems can make transactions faster and they can be customized to a specific business environment (EPoS 2010). Changing prices, data, quantity and other variables are easy (EPoS 2010). EPoS systems can be operated through keyboards or PDAs or personal digital assistant (EPoS 2010). The systems were designed to be powerful and yet very simple for the business staff to learn and use (EPoS 2010). On the other hand, the EPoS system requires maintenance and backups (EPoS 2010). Data can be backed up off site using another party or service company (EPoS 2010). The backup system must cover â€Å"historical backups† in that one can go back to an old er backup if the most recent backup is corrupted (EPoS 2010). Periodic updates are necessary and businesses using the latest retail technologies may want to have in-house capabilities to do backups. This also implies that somebody in business must focus himself or herself in data security. Wireless hardwares,

Questions on Social Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questions on Social Change - Assignment Example But all the same, these changes have given women a more equal position to men in families and marriage thereby democratizing families and marriages Mooney, Knox and Schacht, 154-155). The gain involved with these phenomena is that human rights of women are better protected, and the major loss is that children of divorced parents lack the care of one parent. Should all countries insist that all children be in school?   To what level?   What is the answer for families who insist they need their children to help with the work?   Do a web search.  Ã‚   Are there any international groups which promote education and literacy in developing countries? All the countries should insist that all children be in school but the level varies according to the socio-economic conditions of the societies of those nations. For example, a developed country can show some flexibility in this regard by allowing children to choose home study or some other kind of informal education system because such a country might have wiped out social discrimination in the matter of education and also parental awareness about the importance of education will be higher.

Review of Hamlet, performed in the lowry, salford quays Essay Example for Free

Review of Hamlet, performed in the lowry, salford quays Essay On Wednesday 3rd of November, the A-level drama groups from Queens Park High School went to see a version of Hamlet performed in the Salford Quays Lowry theatre. Directed by Japanese Yukio Ninagawa, he has added Japanese influences into the traditional Shakespearean tragedy. The design of the set used artistic impressionism: The barbed wire represented the conflict present within his mind. As well as this it was a useful medium to cordon certain areas of the stage. The light bulbs also representing conflict, which are regularly used in Shakespearean plays; in this case used (as with the barbed wire) to evince the conflict beginning in Hamlets mind. The light bulbs would alight and sway to signify a monologue, and were also a type of imagery demonstrating the mind- the light bulb is commonly used to mark an idea. The doors around the edge of stage were used to replicate the idea of an open space, and gave the stage an incredible sense of vastness. By using these doors and certain lighting, the director was able to indicate different times of day: during the scene with Hamlet and the ghost, the light gradually moved around all of the doors and successfully created the feeling of a rising sun. The costumes worn by some characters appeared unusual; the ghost king (although written to be Norwegian) wore a Samurai costume, and the entertainers wore costumes relating to the native kabuki or no theatre of Japan. Shakespeare would probably have used clowns or a similar type of act to demonstrate the murder of Hamlets father. The reason for this stems from the Japanese director, Ninagawa, who used his own culture to influence some aspects of the play. This was interesting when it came to the setting of the play, as it did not tie with the written adaptation which -as mentioned earlier- was supposed to be based in Norway, and there were no references to this. Other costumes were used well to represent different circles within the play- royalty and those associated were dressed in red: a royal colour. Ophelia and her family originally dressed in white, possibly symbolising purity and truth, until Polonius joins the King and Queen and also dresses in red. Horatio dresses in similar plain black clothing to Hamlet, but wore a blue scarf that could have been used to differentiate him from the royal family. The two scholars that appear at the Kings request both wear grey, high-class outfits and look very much like scholars. The final groups of people to explore are the Polish army, the leader of which wore a very modern leather coat- a mark of high status and power. The major costume changes that occur are when Gertrude asks to speak to Hamlet- at which point she wears a light blue, flowing gown, representing her purity and innocence, and the underwear worn by Ophelia, showing her in a dishevelled and unkempt state. The main sound effects occurred at the beginning of each act; rolling thunder, which accompanied the swaying lights. Music was used namely in the performance by the Kabuki theatre. During Ophelias madness, she vocalises some sonnets written by Shakespeare. Songs are also sung by the gravediggers, although they feature only for a short while and do not contribute much to the play as a whole. Overall, the design of the play was well thought out, and the director was able to use the space, lighting, sound and costume to create a well-devised and creative atmosphere. In comparison the setting and design of the play, the acting did not contribute in such an involving way. All characters were able to project their voices, which made the audience able to competently hear what the characters where saying. But emotion and expression were lacking in many of the characters e. g. one of the most well known lines of the play dear Jochum, I knew him well -spoken by Hamlet- was rushed and miscued. In a similar way, the characters of the King and Gertrude were greatly over-acted. The actors who demonstrated the best character development and realism were Polonius and Horatio. During the scene where Polonius forgets what he was going to say, many members of the audience believed that he had forgotten his lines, inducing laughter and amusement; exactly the reaction that Shakespeare intended. Horatio gave an excellent performance at the end of the play, producing real tears and a very convincing sadness at the death of his best friend Hamlet. The performances of both of these characters were consistent throughout the play. Due to the barbed wire on the stage, some of the movement seemed restricted, such as the sword fight between Hamlet and Laertes, where it appeared that they accidentally knocked the wire causing it to shake and distract the attention of the audience. The body language of each character was questionable: Gertrude and the King both had over-exaggerated arm movements, whereas Hamlet appeared not to over-use large movements such as pointing and flailing arms. Polonius had an interesting twitch in his right arm, which at first appeared to be nervousness of the actor, but on further investigation, was an intentional manoeuvre used to depict his slightly psychotic character. Ophelia created madness in her character after the death of her father by moving in a lyrical fashion, as though not really aware of her motion a successful tactic. Directors will use the versatility of the Hamlet script to create different relationships between characters, either successfully or unsuccessfully. Ninagawa made the following choices: The relationship between Polonius and Ophelia was interesting, because although at the beginning of the play Polonius chose to treat his daughter with disdain, Ophelia was quite obviously very disturbed and depressed about his death. This was perhaps conveying the true to life concept that one will love family no matter what the situation. Another relationship including Ophelia is the intimacy between herself and her brother without knowing the characters, the audience may have been fooled into thinking that Ophelia and Laertes are lovers, as they kiss. The kiss appears to have a romantic nature rather than the kiss the audience would expect within a family kiss. This could result in the audience being ambivalent about the relationship between Ophelia and Laertes. Ninagawa does not pursue the romantic relationship between Ophelia and Hamlet or Claudius and Gertrude, which the audience would expect to see some evidence of- at one point, the actor of Gertrude tried to embrace Claudius who pushed her away, and there was very little contact between Hamlet and Ophelia. Hamlet is an interesting character within himself, showing signs of contempt towards other characters, being indecisive and uncaring. It is within the monologues that the audience is exposed to the real Hamlet, which Ninagawa has chosen to portray as acting madness, as opposed to becoming crazed. The final relationship being considered is that of Hamlet and Gertrude. At the beginning of the play, the actors did not express sort of bond, and the first contact they appear to have is in Gertrudes closet, where she is moderately sexually harassed by Hamlet. This could have been executed in a much more perverse way, which fortunately the director did not choose to do. The acting in this version of Hamlet leaves a lot to be desired as lines were forgotten, words were misused and the some actors seemed lacking in direction. I feel that having heard the story of Hamlet after having seen the play, there was much that I misunderstood from watching and listening to the characters. Although true to the text, some of the words were spoken without expression and misinterpretation became easy attention lapsed. Having spoken to other audience members, certain key characters became easy to listen to despite the difficult context and even enjoy. The set and costume was admired for the provocative nature and was a success in almost all aspects. Overall, the play captured most moments that were significant either with the use of design or the skill of the able and talented actors.