Questions on Social Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questions on Social Change - Assignment Example But all the same, these changes have given women a more equal position to men in families and marriage thereby democratizing families and marriages Mooney, Knox and Schacht, 154-155). The gain involved with these phenomena is that human rights of women are better protected, and the major loss is that children of divorced parents lack the care of one parent. Should all countries insist that all children be in school?   To what level?   What is the answer for families who insist they need their children to help with the work?   Do a web search.  Ã‚   Are there any international groups which promote education and literacy in developing countries? All the countries should insist that all children be in school but the level varies according to the socio-economic conditions of the societies of those nations. For example, a developed country can show some flexibility in this regard by allowing children to choose home study or some other kind of informal education system because such a country might have wiped out social discrimination in the matter of education and also parental awareness about the importance of education will be higher.

Review of Hamlet, performed in the lowry, salford quays Essay Example for Free

Review of Hamlet, performed in the lowry, salford quays Essay On Wednesday 3rd of November, the A-level drama groups from Queens Park High School went to see a version of Hamlet performed in the Salford Quays Lowry theatre. Directed by Japanese Yukio Ninagawa, he has added Japanese influences into the traditional Shakespearean tragedy. The design of the set used artistic impressionism: The barbed wire represented the conflict present within his mind. As well as this it was a useful medium to cordon certain areas of the stage. The light bulbs also representing conflict, which are regularly used in Shakespearean plays; in this case used (as with the barbed wire) to evince the conflict beginning in Hamlets mind. The light bulbs would alight and sway to signify a monologue, and were also a type of imagery demonstrating the mind- the light bulb is commonly used to mark an idea. The doors around the edge of stage were used to replicate the idea of an open space, and gave the stage an incredible sense of vastness. By using these doors and certain lighting, the director was able to indicate different times of day: during the scene with Hamlet and the ghost, the light gradually moved around all of the doors and successfully created the feeling of a rising sun. The costumes worn by some characters appeared unusual; the ghost king (although written to be Norwegian) wore a Samurai costume, and the entertainers wore costumes relating to the native kabuki or no theatre of Japan. Shakespeare would probably have used clowns or a similar type of act to demonstrate the murder of Hamlets father. The reason for this stems from the Japanese director, Ninagawa, who used his own culture to influence some aspects of the play. This was interesting when it came to the setting of the play, as it did not tie with the written adaptation which -as mentioned earlier- was supposed to be based in Norway, and there were no references to this. Other costumes were used well to represent different circles within the play- royalty and those associated were dressed in red: a royal colour. Ophelia and her family originally dressed in white, possibly symbolising purity and truth, until Polonius joins the King and Queen and also dresses in red. Horatio dresses in similar plain black clothing to Hamlet, but wore a blue scarf that could have been used to differentiate him from the royal family. The two scholars that appear at the Kings request both wear grey, high-class outfits and look very much like scholars. The final groups of people to explore are the Polish army, the leader of which wore a very modern leather coat- a mark of high status and power. The major costume changes that occur are when Gertrude asks to speak to Hamlet- at which point she wears a light blue, flowing gown, representing her purity and innocence, and the underwear worn by Ophelia, showing her in a dishevelled and unkempt state. The main sound effects occurred at the beginning of each act; rolling thunder, which accompanied the swaying lights. Music was used namely in the performance by the Kabuki theatre. During Ophelias madness, she vocalises some sonnets written by Shakespeare. Songs are also sung by the gravediggers, although they feature only for a short while and do not contribute much to the play as a whole. Overall, the design of the play was well thought out, and the director was able to use the space, lighting, sound and costume to create a well-devised and creative atmosphere. In comparison the setting and design of the play, the acting did not contribute in such an involving way. All characters were able to project their voices, which made the audience able to competently hear what the characters where saying. But emotion and expression were lacking in many of the characters e. g. one of the most well known lines of the play dear Jochum, I knew him well -spoken by Hamlet- was rushed and miscued. In a similar way, the characters of the King and Gertrude were greatly over-acted. The actors who demonstrated the best character development and realism were Polonius and Horatio. During the scene where Polonius forgets what he was going to say, many members of the audience believed that he had forgotten his lines, inducing laughter and amusement; exactly the reaction that Shakespeare intended. Horatio gave an excellent performance at the end of the play, producing real tears and a very convincing sadness at the death of his best friend Hamlet. The performances of both of these characters were consistent throughout the play. Due to the barbed wire on the stage, some of the movement seemed restricted, such as the sword fight between Hamlet and Laertes, where it appeared that they accidentally knocked the wire causing it to shake and distract the attention of the audience. The body language of each character was questionable: Gertrude and the King both had over-exaggerated arm movements, whereas Hamlet appeared not to over-use large movements such as pointing and flailing arms. Polonius had an interesting twitch in his right arm, which at first appeared to be nervousness of the actor, but on further investigation, was an intentional manoeuvre used to depict his slightly psychotic character. Ophelia created madness in her character after the death of her father by moving in a lyrical fashion, as though not really aware of her motion a successful tactic. Directors will use the versatility of the Hamlet script to create different relationships between characters, either successfully or unsuccessfully. Ninagawa made the following choices: The relationship between Polonius and Ophelia was interesting, because although at the beginning of the play Polonius chose to treat his daughter with disdain, Ophelia was quite obviously very disturbed and depressed about his death. This was perhaps conveying the true to life concept that one will love family no matter what the situation. Another relationship including Ophelia is the intimacy between herself and her brother without knowing the characters, the audience may have been fooled into thinking that Ophelia and Laertes are lovers, as they kiss. The kiss appears to have a romantic nature rather than the kiss the audience would expect within a family kiss. This could result in the audience being ambivalent about the relationship between Ophelia and Laertes. Ninagawa does not pursue the romantic relationship between Ophelia and Hamlet or Claudius and Gertrude, which the audience would expect to see some evidence of- at one point, the actor of Gertrude tried to embrace Claudius who pushed her away, and there was very little contact between Hamlet and Ophelia. Hamlet is an interesting character within himself, showing signs of contempt towards other characters, being indecisive and uncaring. It is within the monologues that the audience is exposed to the real Hamlet, which Ninagawa has chosen to portray as acting madness, as opposed to becoming crazed. The final relationship being considered is that of Hamlet and Gertrude. At the beginning of the play, the actors did not express sort of bond, and the first contact they appear to have is in Gertrudes closet, where she is moderately sexually harassed by Hamlet. This could have been executed in a much more perverse way, which fortunately the director did not choose to do. The acting in this version of Hamlet leaves a lot to be desired as lines were forgotten, words were misused and the some actors seemed lacking in direction. I feel that having heard the story of Hamlet after having seen the play, there was much that I misunderstood from watching and listening to the characters. Although true to the text, some of the words were spoken without expression and misinterpretation became easy attention lapsed. Having spoken to other audience members, certain key characters became easy to listen to despite the difficult context and even enjoy. The set and costume was admired for the provocative nature and was a success in almost all aspects. Overall, the play captured most moments that were significant either with the use of design or the skill of the able and talented actors.

Norma Rae Essays -- Labor Analysis Film Movie Rae Essays

Norma Rae   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This film is based on the real life story of Crystal Lee Sutton and her involvement with Ruben Warshovsky and the organization of the textile workers at the J.P. Stevens Company in Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina (Labor Films). Sally Field plays the lead role of Norma Rae (Crystal Lee Sutton) fighting poor working conditions at O. P. Henley Company in 1978. This company is a southern textile mill, working with a union organizer to overcome pressure from management, implied dangers, and the struggle to organize her fellow employees. Although, the film is very entertaining, there are many examples of labor and management interactions including unfair labor practices by management, unfair labor practices by the union, and the procedural process of unionization process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Norma Rae a loom operator in the weaving room is an outspoken individual and is very out spoken about her poor working conditions such as excessive noise, long hours with short breaks, physical stress from standing for long periods and abnormally high temperatures in the work areas. Added to all this is management ¡Ã‚ ¦s apathy for the working conditions, as seen when her mother looses her hearing temporarily with little or no sentiment from the company doctor, who knows this is a common problem for the workers. With this setting, the film progresses through most of the stages for employee organization. While management tries to get the workers support to keep the union out, and labor struggles to get a foothold to develop worker unity and get the union elected as the official bargaining agent both sides violate federal laws or come precariously close. First the Unfair Labor Practices (ULP) of the union will be examined.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After reviewing the film a rather short list of union ULP ¡Ã‚ ¦s, but they are potentially damaging and could be used by management to contest the outcome of the election if so desired. One committed by labor representative, the other by Norma Rae and are summarized as follows. During an authorized plant inspection by Ruben Warshovsky, part of the unionization campaign, the union representative would stop and address employees  ¡Ã‚ §Hello, I am Ruben Warshovsky from the United Textiles Workers Union of America, ¡Ã‚ ¨ or some other greeting identifying himself as a union representative while traveling through the plant. Management threatened to get an injunc... ...in the film the results were announced immediately and the union had won. After the votes are counted either labor or management could file to have the results overturned based on violations of the other party or challenges the vote count due to ineligible voters. Barrick  ¡V 7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion there were violations of the Unfair Labor Practice laws committed by both parties during the organization process, which were identified in the film. I have identified two committed by labor representatives, not particularly grievous, but significant enough that ULP ¡Ã‚ ¦ violations could be filed. Based on the violations committed by labor, I do not think there would be any ruling by the NLRB that would affect the election results. If the election had gone the other way I could not say the same for the violations that were committed by management. The film depicted many aspects of the union organization process including the interactions of all parties involved. The organization process is more detailed than what was shown, but the general ideas of most of the major steps were accurate. Those steps that were not shown were invisible to the film but not the formal organizational process.

Rejection and Isolation in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Essa

As James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man unfolds, the central theme of isolation and rejection becomes evident. From birth to adolescence, the protagonist of the story, Stephen Dedalus, responds to his experiences throughout life with actions of rejection and isolation. He rebels against his environment and isolates himself in schoolwork, family, religion and his art, successively. James Joyce uses Stephen Dedalus' responses of isolation and rejection to illustrate the journey that the artist must take to achieve adulthood. Even as a young boy, Stephen experienced rejection and isolation at school. On the playground Stephen "felt his body [too] small and weak amid the [other] players" (Joyce 8). His schoolmates even poked fun at his name. In response to his rejection by the other boys Stephen makes a conscious decision to "[keep] on the fringe of his line, out of sight of his prefect" and the other boys. Stephen is later depicted as choosing the "warm study hall" rather than the playground with his friends outside (Joyce 10). His rejection at school leads him to isolate himself in his schoolwork, thus putting himself on a scholarly path that will give him the intellectual skills necessary for the artist within him to achieve adulthood. In his later years at school, Stephen's isolates himself through his "relationship to authority [and conformity] and his rebellion against it" (Ryf 27). In the classroom Stephen is "pandied" (beaten with a cane) and accused of being a "lazy little schemer" by a Jesuit priest for not completing his homework due to his broken glasses (Joyce 50). In rebellion, Stephen reports the injustice to the rector only to later discover that the rector took th... ...g above the waves and slowly climbing the air? a prophecy of the end he had been born to serve and had been following through the mists of childhood and boyhood, a symbol of the artist forging anew in his workshop out of the sluggish matter of the earth a new soaring imperishable being" (Joyce 169). Stephen breaks with his past to achieve adulthood and an unrestricted artistic vision that allows him to connect to the world that he had rejected. Works Cited: Joyce, James, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The Viking Press: New York, 1916. Ryf, Robert S., A New Approach to Joyce. University of California Press: Berkeley, 1962. Works Consulted: Connely, Thomas E., Joyce's Portrait Criticisms and Critiques. Meredith Publishing Company: New York, 1962. Litz, A.. Walton, James Joyce. Twayne Publishers: New York, 1966.

BBC †Time Essay

Time is important. Whether I like to say or not, people don’t treat time important, many people wasting their time unconsciously. They spend time on facebook, online games, watching tv. But they never know there are some more important things are waiting for them Everyone has to live for a purpose. Once you set a goal, your life will be a lot more appreciate. Understand yourself about what do you want and how do you want to live, you will cherish a lot around you including people and spending time with them. Time is important. Whether I like to say or not, people don’t treat time important, many people wasting their time unconsciously. They spend time on facebook, online games, watching tv. But they never know there are some more important things are waiting for them Everyone has to live for a purpose. Once you set a goal, your life will be a lot more appreciate. Understand yourself about what do you want and how do you want to live, you will cherish a lot around you including people and spending time with them. Time is important. Whether I like to say or not, people don’t treat time important, many people wasting their time unconsciously. They spend time on facebook, online games, watching tv. But they never know there are some more important things are waiting for them Everyone has to live for a purpose. Once you set a goal, your life will be a lot more appreciate. Understand yourself about what do you want and how do you want to live, you will cherish a lot around you including people and spending time with them.

All about Être, a French Super Verb

All about Être, a French Super Verb Être  is an irregular French verb that means to be. The multitalented verb  Ãƒ ªtre  is omnipresent in the French language, both written and spoken and appears in a multitude of idiomatic expressions, thanks to its utility and versatility. It  is one of the  most-used  French verbs. In fact, of  the thousands of French verbs, it is among the top 10, which also include:  avoir, faire, dire, aller, voir, savoir, pouvoir, falloir  and  pouvoir. Être is also an auxiliary verb in  compound tenses and the passive voice. The ThreeMain Uses of'Être' The many forms of  Ãƒ ªtre  are busy binding together the French language in three essential ways: 1) to describe a temporary or permanent state of being, 2) to describe someones profession, and 3) to indicate possession.   1. Être is used with adjectives, nouns, and adverbs to describe a temporary or permanent state of being. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il est beau. He is handsome.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je suis Paris. Im in Paris.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nous sommes franà §ais. Were French.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il est l-bas. Hes over there. 2. Être is used to describe someones profession; note that in French the indefinite article is not used in this type of  construction. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Mon pà ¨re est avocat. My father is a lawyer.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je suis à ©tudiant. Im a student.  Ã‚  Elle à ©tait professeur. She used to be a professor. 3. Être can be used with the preposition plus a stressed pronoun to indicate possession. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce livre est moi.   This is my book.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   qui est cet argent  ? Cest Paul. Whose money is this?  Its Pauls. Être as an Auxiliary Verb 1. For Compound Tenses: While avoir is the auxiliary for most verbs in the French  compound tenses,  Ãƒ ªtre  is the auxiliary for  some verbs  as well. The conjugated auxiliary verb is used with the past participle of the main verb to form the compound tense. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je suis allà © en France.   I went to France.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nous à ©tions dà ©j sortis.   We had already left.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il serait venu si...   He would have come if... 2.  For the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Passive Voice:  ÃƒÅ tre  in the present tense and the past participle of the main verb forms the passive voice. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  La voiture est lavà ©e.  - The car is washed.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il est respectà © de tout le monde.   He is respected by everyone. Expressions With'Avoir' That Mean 'to Be' When does to have (avoir) mean to be (à ªtre) in French? In several idiomatic expressions, which are governed by the laws of use over time, as odd as the  use may seem.  For this reason, there are a number of state of being idiomatic expressions with avoir that are translated as  to be in English:   Ã‚  Ã‚  avoir froid to be cold  Ã‚  Ã‚  avoir raison to be right  Ã‚  Ã‚  avoir xx ans to be xx years old Weather Expressions Use 'Faire,' Not 'Être' Weather is another instance of odd  idiomatic usage. When talking about the weather, English uses a form of the verb to be. French uses the verb faire (to do or make) rather than à ªtre:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Quel temps fait-il  ? Hows the weather?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il fait beau. It is nice out. / The weather is nice.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il fait du vent. It is windy. Idiomatic Expressions with'Être' A multitude of idiomatic expressions using  Ãƒ ªtre exist.  Here are a few of the better-known expressions: à ªtre cà ´tà © de la plaque  Ã‚  to be way off the mark, to not have a clueà ªtre bien dans sa peau  Ã‚  to be at ease/comfortable with oneselfà ªtre bouche bà ©e  Ã‚  to be flabbergastedà ªtre dans le doute   to be doubtfulà ªtre dans la mouise  (familiar) to be flat brokeà ªtre dans la panade  (familiar) to be in a sticky situationà ªtre dans son assiette  Ã‚  to feel normal, like oneselfà ªtre de   to be at/in (figuratively)à ªtre en train de   infinitive   to be (in the process of) present participleà ªtre haut comme trois pommes  Ã‚  to be knee-high to a grasshopperà ªtre sur son trente et un  Ã‚  to be dressed to the ninesen à ªtre   to take part inà §a mest à ©gal  Ã‚  its all the same to meà §a y est   thats it, its donecest   it is (impersonal expression)cest   date  Ã‚  its (date)cestdire  Ã‚  that is, i.e., I meancest moi / toi / Paul   thats mine / yours / Paulscest à §a   thats it, thats rightcest cadeauà ‚  Ã‚  Its free, on the housecest dans la poche  Ã‚  Its in the bag, a sure thing, a done dealcest grà ¢ce   Ã‚  its (all) thanks to cest la vie!  Ã‚  thats life!cest le pied  Ã‚  its greatcest parti  Ã‚  here we go, here goes, and were offce nest pas de la tarte  Ã‚  its not easyce nest pas grave  Ã‚  it doesnt matter, no problemce nest pas la mer boire  Ã‚  Its not the end of the worldce nest pas mardi gras aujourdhui  Ã‚  what youre wearing is ridiculousce nest pas terrible  Ã‚  its not that greatce nest pas tes oignons!  Ã‚  none of your business!ce nest pas vrai!  Ã‚  no way! I dont believe it! Youre kidding!est-ce que  Ã‚  no literal translation; this expression is used to ask  questionssoit... soit...   either... or... Conjugations of'Être' Below is the useful present-tense conjugation of  Ãƒ ªtre.  For  a complete conjugation of  tenses, see  all tenses. Present tense je suistu esil estnous sommesvous à ªtesils sont

Gothic Architecture Vs. Egyptian Architecture Essays - Free Essays

Gothic Architecture Vs. Egyptian Architecture Essays - Free Essays Gothic Architecture Vs. Egyptian Architecture Gothic Architecture Vs. Egyptian Architecture The sediment richens the soil year after year by the Nile that floods the valley and rises twenty to thirty feet high. African villagers expect the seasonal rains; the precipitation determines the crops productivity. The valley cut by this dominating river is also where one of the greatest Neolithic civilizations grew. The originals were of mixed races but all derived from the white races. By 4000 B.C. these egger people started using copper and gold, developing a standard way of living. They made tools to their own needs and began building and started to include architectural art full of decorous curves and lines. The early Egyptians made their homes out of river reeds and river mud. They produced round homes or rectangular homes with arched rooftops. Primarily the huts were used to keep from the harsh, warm temperatures. During this time period of reed homes adobe bricks were being made which led to a crucial innovation to Egyptian homes and architecture. The art and skill that was carved, painted and designed into religious temples and tombs gave later researchers of great talent information on Egyptian life. With architectural strides religious gods and carvings were beginning a decorative architectural era. Imhotep was an architect that designed the great pyramid and temple of King Zoser in the third dynasty. He was precise and eloquent with the use of stone that was not surpassed for centuries. The Egyptians honored many of their architects, who also became court officials, but Imhotep was credited for being the first great user of stone towards monumental buildings. The old kingdom was b uilt of river reeds and mud but later other kingdoms learned from the old designs. Later the middle kingdom saw a new light in utilizing stone form and development of others. Though it wasnt until the new empire where great temples and large courts. The new empire fell and the idea of a strong, continuous rise in Egyptian architecture had almost ceased. The Nile River determined the building materials of the Egyptians. As time progressed and architecture was beginning to have history, technical skills were developing as well as architectural skills. One major discovery was slanted roofs were unnecessary to the hot, humid weather. Falt roofs became the new invention and were multipurpose for more living space, which became an essential part of the home design. Egyptians also tried to figure out a way walls could be sturdy and strong but less heavy and less cracks. But the cracking would never fail so when the bricks were laid on concave beds, so when cracks did occur, the wall was easily fixed. Another form of the brick was used called the vault. Vaults were most often used in tombs and cover storage rooms but never did this principle become a way of source. Stone was later introduced, which came late in Egyptian architecture. There was more than enough stone, from the Nile cutting its way down the desert plateau. There was a surplus of stone to be used. They became expert quarrying diggers, cutting some of the best pieces of rock. Egyptians also developed different techniques of handling stones. With all this stone, labor power and organization was needed. The king steeped forward for that position and gave orders to the laborers, whom all were working on one building at a time. The workers were treated fairly good with adequate pay. This is how the pyramids were built and stone architecture was the new generation of adobe brick and river reed huts. Gothic architecture is an example of how the intricate structural and decorative elements in buildings are tied together. Like the Egyptians Gothic architecture uses the vault idea but is better understood. Early experiments failed and were left to explore other options but gothic architecture explains the answers. The question of different width varied different heights; so gothic architecture uses the pointed arch, and varying the steepness to gain the correct connections. Gothic architecture was more of a solution of building problems. It also was an expression of modern Europe. The economy way stable, trade and business was steady and cities were expanding and flourishing. The Gothic era was an introduction to new

Eastern Connecticut State University Admissions

Eastern Connecticut State University Admissions Eastern Connecticut State University Admissions Overview: 58% of applicants are accepted to Eastern Connecticut State University each year, making it an accessible school to many. Applicants will need solid grades and an impressive resume/application to be admitted. To apply, prospective students may use the Common Application, or can visit the schools website for Easterns application form. Additional materials include high school transcripts, letters of recommendations, and (optional) scores from the SAT or ACT. Admissions Data (2016): Eastern Connecticut State Acceptance Rate: 58%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: - / -SAT Math: - / -SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanCompare SAT scores for Connecticut collegesACT Composite: - / -ACT English: - / -ACT Math: - / -Compare ACT scores for Connecticut colleges Eastern Connecticut State University Description: Eastern Connecticut State University, often called simply Eastern, is the designated  public liberal arts college  of the Connecticut State University System. The 182-acre wooded campus is located in Willimantic, about 30 minutes from Hartford and 45 minutes from Providence. Both Boston and New York City are easily accessible. The university has a largely undergraduate focus and takes pride in the broad liberal arts foundation of its academic programs. Undergraduates can choose from 35 majors with business and psychology being most popular. Academics are supported by a 15 to 1 student / faculty ratio and an average class size of 23. For motivated and self-directed students who want a major that brings together multiple disciplines, Eastern offers a popular individualized major. Life on campus is active with over 60 student clubs and organizations, and on the athletic front the Eastern Warriors compete in the NCAA Division III Little East Conference. The university fields seven me ns and ten womens intercollegiate sports. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 5,362  (5,171 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 44% Male / 56% Female83% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $10,500  (in-state); $23,361 (out-of-state)Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,559Other Expenses: $2,251Total Cost: $26,310  (in-state); $39,171 (out-of-state) Eastern Connecticut State University Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 92%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 77%Loans: 76%Average Amount of AidGrants: $7,111Loans: $7,121 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Art, Biology, Business, Communication, English, General Studies, Individualized Major, Psychology, Social Work, Sociology Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 76%4-Year Graduation Rate: 42%6-Year Graduation Rate: 54% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Soccer, Lacrosse, Basketball, Track and Field, Baseball, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Track and Field, Lacrosse, Softball, Soccer, Volleyball, Swimming, Cross Country, Basketball, Field Hockey   Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Eastern, You May Also Like These Schools: Roger Williams University: ProfileRhode Island College: ProfileAlbertus Magnus College: Profile  Southern Connecticut State University: Profile  Mitchell College: Profile  University of Hartford: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Bridgeport: Profile  Yale University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphEndicott College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Rhode Island: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Discuss the role of the laboratory in the diagnosis, classification Essay

Discuss the role of the laboratory in the diagnosis, classification and monitoring of the Myelodysplastic syndromes - Essay Example The main pathophysiology in this condition is that the hematopoietic stem cells do not mature in a proper fashion to healthy erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets resulting in low counts of mature cells and abnormal morphology. Thus there are many immature cells which do not function in a proper manner leading to several complications. MDS an be primary or secondary. Secondary MDS can occur due to several causes like exposure to radiotherapy or cytotoxic chemotherapy for another cancer, intensive pretreatment for patients with autologous bone marrow transplants, viral infection, genetic predisposition or exposure to chemicals like benzene (Emmanuel and Woermann, 2009, Nguyen, 2009). Exposure to heavy metals like lead and mercury can also result in this condition (National Cancer Institute, 2010). 80-90 percent of cases occur in those who are above 60 years of age (American Cancer Society, 2010). The incidence is men in at least 2 times more than in women (Emmanuel and Woermann, 2009). The condition is found worldwide and affects all races and ethnic groups (Emmanuel and Woermann, 2009). The condition is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. More than 30 percent cases of MDS transform in acute leukemia (National Cancer Institute, 2010). Survival following the diagnosis of MDS is variable and dependent on the prognostic factors (Stone, 2009). The survival can occur from months to years (National Cancer Institute, 2010). In children, the course of the disease is more aggressive and the mean survival is less than 10 months (Tilak et al, 2008). In many patients, MDS is often detected late due to absence of early symptoms. In some others, routine hematological examination may reveal the condition. Those who have advanced disease present with signs and symptoms related to the cytopenias like shortness of breath, pallor, easy fatigability, easy bruising, uncontrollable bleeding, frequent petechiae, fever and frequent infections (National Cancer

Woman and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Woman and Law - Essay Example Dr Bourne terminated her pregnancy and, therefore, faced prosecution. However, she was acquitted because he was able to prove his point that the victim was suicidal and in case the baby had been born the women might have been a physical or mental wreck. Key Cases with Facts: The Bourne case gave precedent to abortion as the physical/mental health of the woman was indeed in danger had she not had an abortion. it is necessary to take medical opinions from experts, along with considering moral perspectives as well, as to whether to save the life of the foetus or the mother in case an abortion is required. Current Law: - Abortion Act of 1967 Definition of Abortion Law Act: - This act, passed in 1967, defines the types of allowed abortions. A woman can get an abortion before 28 weeks of conception; abortion is also allowed in case the life of the mother is in serious mental or physical danger or in case the born baby will be severely handicapped† Evidence proved: - Personal Evidence : - The Psychiatrist The Gynaecologist Prosecution: . We, as members of the Western society, have certain responsibilities towards our women and the way they lead their lives. To ban practices such as abortion is a strike on their freedom and liberty. No matter how inhumane the practice of abortion appears to be, we have no right to stop it by force or get someone in court just because they want to have a kid. Before the Abortion Act of 1967 the British society was quite strictly against this practice and women carrying out abortion were prosecuted under federal law. Morally, abortion is a complicated procedure. There are two perspectives to everything; one is white and the other black. On the white side a woman, being a member of the free living world, has the right to carry out abortion. On the black side it is wrong because a life is being killed and some people might consider it infanticide. But that is just a perspective, and it has to be made clear that abortion, in other part s of the world, is used for purposes which are unbelievable irrational and make no sense whatsoever. (Barnett, 1997) For example, let’s take the example of India. Just in the state of Maharashtra, every year more than 4.5 million women are forced to get an abortion (Saha, Duggal, Mishra, More, & Khaire, 2004) because, with the use of sonogram, families are able to identify the sex of the baby; if the baby is male then all is well but if it is a girl she might be aborted, the reason being that girls are not considered the â€Å"Bread Winner† in the Indian society. Abortion in this and similar cases is wrong. It must also be comprehended that abortion has increased at an alarming rate, since the passing of the Abortion Act of 1967, The number of abortions carried out since the passage of the Abortion Act 1967 is unacceptably high. Medically, abortion is beneficial in certain cases. Number one, in case of rape if a woman gets pregnant and decides not to abort the baby, th e woman is at a risk of suffering post-natal depression which can, with time, endanger the baby’s health. The second case is when a child has been conceived because of an incestuous relationship; in this situation there is a high probability of the child being defective. Third is in the case of Thalassemia or HIV; if both the parents are suffering from one of these conditions there is a probability that the child might also contract it or it can even result in the death of either the child or the mother at the time of delivery. In my personal opinion pregnancy is more about men dominating women, and I can say it with 100% surety that if men were to get pregnant instead of women, abortion would definitely be a blessing. In the English society abortion is on a rise and women, mostly teenagers, are getting abortions at an

Digital media research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Digital media - Research Paper Example Digital media in the sports and entertainment industry has enabled greater growth and innovation. This is, through enabling industry players, to implement a single foundation networks that serve their business and aids in its growth. It improves content protection via integration of data into an end-to-end system that aids in the reduction of piracy, which was a cause of huge pilferage, thus increasing revenue. Digital media ensures the delivery of virtually limitless, which has allowed sport to attract new audiences at a lower cost (Rayburn, 2012). Digital media also improves fan engagement, which is achieved by transforming the venue, whether for sport or entertainment. This will involve the delivery of live video and custom-made content to all monitors at the venue. The broadcast television industry will be a major beneficiary of digital media in the next five years, especially with the convergence revolution. Convergence is a trend via which various aspects of telecommunication, broadcasting, and computing are brought together into one digital bit-stream (Hutchins, 2012). Television revenues are bound to increase significantly, especially as most sport-oriented TV stations have their own integrated TV-mobile-computer system. For example, ESPN already has ESPN mobile, which offers to stream video, as well as other NFL content that could significantly enhance the NFL product. This will see subscriptions and advertising revenues increase, as will the number of channels as more quality content becomes available with the evolution in digital media content. 2. How do you see E-Commerce evolving in the next five years? Identify the trends in E-Commerce, Mobile Commerce and Social Commerce (Sales made directly through social networks or sales made from social media referrals) today and where you expect them to be in five years. Mobile commerce is growing faster than social commerce. E-commerce in 5 years will become a concept that is very inseparable from the inter net, especially as e-shopping becomes more natural and popular. Simultaneously, severe rivalry in e-commerce services is expected to intensify the development of e-commerce. Therefore, the future trends inherent in e-commerce are evolution and growth of internet sales (Laudon, 2010). As more people become held up by household and work duties, the internet will avail them with the opportunity of saving time and getting the best prices. Additionally, since the internet has removed the factor of geography from sales, the tendency of quantity to quality inherent in e-commerce will become more obvious. Therefore, to survive e-store-owners will have to employ opportunely modern technologies to achieve appealing presentation of goods, user friendliness, and attractive design in order to attract more e-customers. Firstly, current trend in mobile commerce involves location based mobile advertising that is used to drive in-store traffic whereby businesses use mobile advertising as a means of driving foot traffic. Secondly, it involves using SMS to build databases and send out messages to customers to inform them of sales and mobile exclusives. Thirdly, QR codes whereby retailers implant the codes into mail, magazines, and posters, which can be read using mobile devices and give information regarding the business (Agudo, 2009). A trend that is expected to escalate

History of Printing Press and its Current Usage Research Paper

History of Printing Press and its Current Usage - Research Paper Example Printing in that era involved duplication of images, which were known as cylinder seals and involved trolling an impression of a certain image on tablets that were made up of clay. This was common among the Mesopotamia people who enjoyed civilization as early as 300bc. These people relied on the works of art for their livelihoods. Their works involved beautiful and complex images, which they would sell to trade partners. The use of printing in other countries such as china and Egypt was also practiced whereby they use small stamps to seal their proceeds of large blocks. In other countries such as India and most counties of Europe, the use of printing involved cloths and was widely practiced before they would turn to printing papers. An example of these countries in Europe was papyrus and Germany. Printing of images in clothes was mostly done using silk. This was practiced up to the seventeenth century.1 The history of printing can be traced back to areas given by in different stages. One of the foremost stages was the use of block printing. This is a technique that involves printing texts, patterns or images and was a common way of printing in Europe and East Asia whereby in Asia it was used on textiles under the influence of the Buddhism. In Europe, the art of printing was known as woodcut, which was used on paper to cover art team, with the exception of block-ups, which were mainly produced in the fifteenth century. The majority Christian Europe on cloths practiced the use of printing in Europe. This trend was common in the 1300s. They used these printings on cloths for religious purposes. The printings were normally large and elaborate that was used to convey a certain form of information. However, as time passed by, the use of paper became common by the 1400s. This was because of the ease of portability compared to the small woodcuts where they would paint religious images and cards. The use of paper became popular by the year 1425. The use of these forms o f printing became more popular in the mid 1400 century with the use of block books, woodcuts books that incorporated both texts and images. Typing was done on the same block, and was a cheaper alternative to the traditional forms of manuscripts and the books, which were printed using movable types. The movable type books were involved short heavily illustrated works that were repeated in many different versions of block-books. Some common examples of these printings in Europe were Ares Moriiendi and Biblia Pauperum.2 Printing in that era used various tools, which were made specifically for that purpose. It used stencils, which were used to add color to clothes that would last for a longer time. The use of stencils was ladder on advanced by the Japanese in their use of the Katazome on silk of cloths during a period known as Edo. The use of this stencils’ in Europe gained momentum in 1450s where they were commonly used to color old master prints that were printed mostly in blac k and white colors. This technique was mostly common in playing cards that continued to be colored using stencils even though other forms of printing had stopped using that form of printing. The colors used in this stencils was a mostly gotten from plants and flowers such as color green, purple indigo, violet. However, the people would advance further and derive color blue from the same plant extracts. These tools were mostly used for mass publications since they did not have to be handwritten.3 After the stencils era, printing moved to the movable type

Improving of Leadership Skills by Learning English for International Case Study

Improving of Leadership Skills by Learning English for International Students to be Ready for Graduate Programs - Case Study Example Different Supports Needed to Improve the English Language Skill In order to enhance the English language of the students for the purpose of preparing them for their graduate program at the University of Regina, certain support is very much essential from the viewpoint of the students. The most important forms of support that the graduate students need are academic acculturation and that of English support. In terms of English support, the students have already acquired a brief knowledge regarding the subject topic of English but still the students need certain consequential refining in their skills based upon English i.e. either grammatically, in terms of vocabulary or through any other ways (Crown, 2003). In this connection, it has been observed that most of the students face certain difficulties in particular aspects that include integration of quotes in essays, formatting and effective lead-in to the quotes. These are certain specific areas in which the students must improve which would help them a lot for their graduate programs in the long-term (Crown, 2003). Moreover, the students need to develop themselves in the area of their critical thinking that would help them to improve their English language. The aspect of critical thinking is regarded as the capability to imagine clearly and rationally. It includes the capability to greatly focus upon independent as well as reflective thinking. There lie various useful functions of critical thinking that might help the students towards enhancing the medium of language i.e. English for their graduate program (Lau & Chan, 2012). The various useful functions of the aspect of critical thinking include understanding the coherent interrelation between the conceptions of the subject topic, recognizing, generating as... This report approves that the teachers as facilitators assisted as well as supported the students and the learners by delivering several skills and capabilities which ultimately helped the English learners or the students to enhance their several aptitude skills such as writing and listening. Moreover, the facilitators also assisted the students or the learners to acquire a brief idea regarding various cultural aspects along with learning several diversification related facets that prevailed in the classroom. In addition, the facilitators assisted the students to learn vocabulary, resolve grammatical errors along with capably write various assignments, projects and proposals that ultimately helped the students or learners to complete their graduation program successfully. The aspect of learning English is very much essential in order to raise as well as to enhance various skills and capabilities such as English writing, reading and listening. In order to improve the above discussed s kills, the students or the learners have to learn English by a considerable level. This essay makes a conclusion that from the overall analysis it can be said that by learning English, the international students can enhance their leadership skills by a significant level. Various barriers as well certain wide gaps were faced by the students or the English learners while learning English but the teachers as facilitators played a major role in order to overcome those barriers and gaps. Along with the major part played by the teachers, the introduction of ESL program or course also can help the students or the English learners to acquire a broad view regarding English which ultimately would help them to progress their writing, reading and listening skills and capabilities.

History of Printing Press and its Current Usage Research Paper

History of Printing Press and its Current Usage - Research Paper Example Printing in that era involved duplication of images, which were known as cylinder seals and involved trolling an impression of a certain image on tablets that were made up of clay. This was common among the Mesopotamia people who enjoyed civilization as early as 300bc. These people relied on the works of art for their livelihoods. Their works involved beautiful and complex images, which they would sell to trade partners. The use of printing in other countries such as china and Egypt was also practiced whereby they use small stamps to seal their proceeds of large blocks. In other countries such as India and most counties of Europe, the use of printing involved cloths and was widely practiced before they would turn to printing papers. An example of these countries in Europe was papyrus and Germany. Printing of images in clothes was mostly done using silk. This was practiced up to the seventeenth century.1 The history of printing can be traced back to areas given by in different stages. One of the foremost stages was the use of block printing. This is a technique that involves printing texts, patterns or images and was a common way of printing in Europe and East Asia whereby in Asia it was used on textiles under the influence of the Buddhism. In Europe, the art of printing was known as woodcut, which was used on paper to cover art team, with the exception of block-ups, which were mainly produced in the fifteenth century. The majority Christian Europe on cloths practiced the use of printing in Europe. This trend was common in the 1300s. They used these printings on cloths for religious purposes. The printings were normally large and elaborate that was used to convey a certain form of information. However, as time passed by, the use of paper became common by the 1400s. This was because of the ease of portability compared to the small woodcuts where they would paint religious images and cards. The use of paper became popular by the year 1425. The use of these forms o f printing became more popular in the mid 1400 century with the use of block books, woodcuts books that incorporated both texts and images. Typing was done on the same block, and was a cheaper alternative to the traditional forms of manuscripts and the books, which were printed using movable types. The movable type books were involved short heavily illustrated works that were repeated in many different versions of block-books. Some common examples of these printings in Europe were Ares Moriiendi and Biblia Pauperum.2 Printing in that era used various tools, which were made specifically for that purpose. It used stencils, which were used to add color to clothes that would last for a longer time. The use of stencils was ladder on advanced by the Japanese in their use of the Katazome on silk of cloths during a period known as Edo. The use of this stencils’ in Europe gained momentum in 1450s where they were commonly used to color old master prints that were printed mostly in blac k and white colors. This technique was mostly common in playing cards that continued to be colored using stencils even though other forms of printing had stopped using that form of printing. The colors used in this stencils was a mostly gotten from plants and flowers such as color green, purple indigo, violet. However, the people would advance further and derive color blue from the same plant extracts. These tools were mostly used for mass publications since they did not have to be handwritten.3 After the stencils era, printing moved to the movable type

How to Negotiates an Enterprise Agreement in Australia Research Paper

How to Negotiates an Enterprise Agreement in Australia - Research Paper Example Through an enterprise agreement, employees, employers as well as bargaining representatives (including unions) negotiate to create a set of employee entitlements bridging the gaps between organizational aims and employee interests. Accordingly, an enterprise agreement can have terms that are added to the National Employment Standards in Australia (Aged & Community Services, n.d.). This paper highlights the process of negotiation of enterprise agreement generally followed in Australia. Ways to Negotiate an Enterprise Agreement in Australia An enterprise agreement in Australia is regulated by the New Fair Work System, which was enacted during the year 2009. This agreement works as a tool that allows employers and employees to bridge the misalignment and develop an agreement based on mutual interests concerning the rights that may better suit the needs of the individual in the respective workplace. There are basically three types of enterprise agreements available in Australia, viz., Si ngle-enterprise agreements, Multi-enterprise agreements and Greenfields agreements. Single- enterprise agreements take place between the employees and a single employer emphasizing a particular interest, rather than taking into account multiple interests. Correspondingly, a multi-enterprise agreement is signed between employees and employers involving more than one interest. Unlike the single and multi-enterprises agreements, the Greenfields agreements are made between an employer and an employee in the organization and can be formed both in the manner of a single?enterprise or a multi?enterprise agreement (Fair Work Australian Government, 2013). Commencing  Bargaining The first step of negotiation in signing an enterprise agreement in Australia is to commence bargaining between the employee and the employer. There are the two ways through which a bargaining may start in enterprise agreements in Australia. Initially, the employees and employer need to agree to negotiate, following which, employee bargaining process shall instigate. Correspondingly, the union may approach the employer with a proposed agreement or a list of demands, often regarded as a ‘log of claims’, conveying those attributes they would like to see in the proposed agreement, or the changes they wish to make to an existing agreement. In broader terms, if approached by the union or the employees, the employer must negotiate and must do so in good faith. If the employer refuses to negotiate, the other party may apply to fair work provisions in Australian Fair Work Commission to obtain a majority support determination, mandatory to obtain statutory approval for the negotiated changes (Australian Fair Work Commission, 2013). Low-Paid Bargaining The recently followed negotiating process of enterprise agreements in Australia provides a new scheme of bargaining for industrial development of low paid employees. To facilitate the entry of this particular group of employees, rendering equ al significance to the interests of their respective organizational employers, the provision in Australia provides with a special low?paid bargaining benefit. In precise, the provision dictates that Fair Work Australia may convene and chair conferences and guide the parties through the negotiating process in order to secure the interests of low-wage earners within the economy (Teicher & et. al., 2013). Good Faith Bargaining The Fair Work Commission of Australia is also regarded as a determinant and noteworthy aspect in constructing enterprises agreem

Reagans War on Drugs Essay Example for Free

Reagans War on Drugs Essay The phrase â€Å"sex, drugs, and rock and roll† held true to its well-earned spot in 1970’s and 1980’s society. With a new, looser culture, explicit music, raunchy and rambunctious movies as well as a societal focus on many things immoral, it was an era of challenging social norms. As the use of recreational and psychoactive drugs, as well as alcohol, increased, a new problem arose; how does law enforcement and the government undo the damage being made by this new society? Laws were passed, bureaus and commissions were formed, and the President of the United States began what he called â€Å"The War on Drugs†. Over the years, some of these solutions have proven to make some impact. The initiation, tactics, and attempts at dealing a major blow to drug abuse have all affected the way America sees drugs today. A new type of warfare had made its way into the country, and after all these years, it has made its fair share of positive and negative effects. â€Å"Just say no. † (Reagan Declares War on Drugs, 1982). This was one of the many scare tactics used in America’s new war on drugs. The president needed to construct a plan to detract the public eye from drugs’ fame. Nancy Reagan was equally as adamant about keeping America safe and clean. She traveled to and spoke at many schools, enforcing the idea of simply refusing the temptation of drugs. Before the Reagan’s began their wartime, Richard Nixon introduced his own ‘war’ on drugs, stating, â€Å"America’s public enemy number one is drug abuse. In order to fight and defeat this enemy, it is necessary to wage a new, all-out offensive. † (Remarks About an Intensified Program for Drug Abuse Prevention, 1971). This mindset was yet another strategy used to make America energized and willing to fight this war. Nixon passed the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act in the 1970’s as a way to keep a constant eye on the drug industry. This act required the pharmaceutical industry to maintain physical security and strict record keeping for certain types of drugs. When Reagan became president he gave a speech, announcing, â€Å"We are taking down the surrender flag that has flown over so many drug efforts; we’re running up a battle flag. † (Reagan’s ‘War on Drugs’ Speech, 1981). America’s first clear attack on the use of drugs was verbal – this strategy temporarily affected the country, but more had to be done to combat this enemy. The United States and its’ presidents had to take a fighting stance if they wanted to decrease drug abuse. One of the first instances of this was President Nixon’s Operation Intercept. Announced even before the official ‘war’ on drugs began – in September 1969 – this campaign focused on reducing the amount of cannabis entering the United States from Mexico. Following this effort, the United States government funded the controversial Methadone Maintenance Program. Methadone Maintenance treatment, a program in which addicted individuals receive daily doses of methadone, was developed as part of a broad, multicomponent treatment program. † (Center for Disease Control, 2002). After Nixon’s trials and failures, President Carter went at the fight with a different, looser approach. Carter called for the decriminalization of marijuana. With a less vicious outlook, Carter believed that the punishment of a crime should not be more brutal than that said crime. President Carter’s tactic proved unworthy, as while he was in office, use of cocaine increased dramatically. Finally, as Reagan took center stage and stepped into presidential office, he kept a strong belief against this criminal act. Reagan created the Office of National Drug Control Policy to eradicate illicit drug use, manufacturing and trafficking of drugs, as well as put an end to drug related violence and crimes. Reagan put policies in place to strengthen his deadly grasp on drug-ridden society. He required mandatory minimum prison sentences for drug dealers – a policy he initiated in hopes of making drugs seem less glamorous and infinitely more criminal. He began the South Florida Task Force, which dealt with the increase of drug trafficking in Southern Florida. This force worked hand in hand with the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI). Operation Swordfish was put in place by the DEA to attack international drug organizations. â€Å"The operation was dubbed operation swordfish because it was intended to snare the ‘big fish’ in drug trade. † (Drug Enforcement Agency, Operation Swordfish, 1980). Vice President George H. W. Bush began insisting that the CIA and U. S. Military become involved in drug interdiction efforts. The Drug-Free Media Campaign Act of 1988 was passed in hopes to convince America’s youth and future generations to stray away from drugs. After all of these battles, did America finally win this war? â€Å"The U. S. Federal Government spent over $15 billion in 2010 on the War on Drugs, a rate of about $500 per second. † (The Budgetary Impact of Drug Prohibition, 2010). This is a sign that perhaps Reagan’s War on Drugs wasn’t quite as effective as he had so hoped. The United States today has the highest incarceration rate and prison population of any country in the world. This is provided in part by the amount of arrests and incarcerations due to drug sentencing guidelines and policies. â€Å"In the 1980’s, while the number of arrests for all crimes had risen by 28%, the number of arrests for drug offenses rose 126%. † (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2010). This did not specifically mean that there were more drug-related crimes, but that law enforcement had simply cracked down on the arrests of said crimes. In comparison, Time Magazine’s study states, â€Å"Drug convictions went from 15 inmates per 100,000 adults in 1980 to 148 in 1996, an almost tenfold increase. More than half of Americas federal inmates today are in prison on drug convictions. In 2009 alone, 1. 66 million Americans were arrested on drug charges†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Time Magazine, 2012). While this war on drugs may still be in effect, it may have positive outcomes for further in the future. As for the time being, America has two main stances on the subject: some call for further reparations in the war on drugs, while others believe the war is unsuccessful, and the focus needs to be shifted to more important and dire issues. The War on Drugs has failed. † (19 Member Commission, June 2, 2011). In another instance, a poll was taken throughout the country, and its results, â€Å"three in four Americans believe that the War on Drugs is failing. † (October 2008 Poll). Suggestions of decriminalization have been made by many. The legalization of drugs is claimed to have many positive effects on the country as a whole, including positive economic effects. While this ‘war’ on drugs started off as a full-fledged attack on all users and distributors of illegal narcotics, it seems to have transformed into a war against itself: will continuing these attacks help the country, or will allowing certain, less harmful drugs to be legal prove to be a more reasonable solution? â€Å"Legalizing drugs would save taxpayers $76. 8 billion a year in the United States $44. 1 billion from law enforcement savings, and at least $32. 7 billion in tax revenue†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Harvard Study by Jeffrey A. Miron, 2008). In addition, the policies put into effect by Nixon and Reagan may ave had a positive impact on crime in the United States, but it may not have been in the way they had wished. â€Å"Drugs got enormously cheaper so users didn’t have to hit as many old ladies over the head and steal their pocketbooks. † (Travis Wendel, â€Å"More Drugs, Less Crime†, 2010). Murders, robberies and other violent crimes seemed to decline as the price of drugs went down – could this happen if drugs were legalized as well? America in this day and age has a vast amount of governmental and international issues in desperate need of resolution – is drug control still one of them? The United States of America is a country known by many as ‘land of the free’, but does this mean that its citizens should be allowed to participate in activities such as drug use with such a negative connotation? Did Reagan’s War on Drugs really make an effective impact on the way America sees drugs today? The answer to that question is this – while his tactics may not have worked the way he had desired, America as a whole has indeed seen less drug related crime. This does not mean it does not exist, nor does it mean that by legalizing drugs will solve all of the country’s problems. What this does mean is that Reagan’s war on drugs did not put an end to drug use, but it just may have opened America’s eyes to more clear and present danger. While drugs are in no way going to solve America’s problems, the once War on Drugs may now need to be adjusted to a name more fitting. A War on Crime as a whole perhaps? A War on Drug Related Violence? Reagan had the correct idea, now the country can put it into proper use. His War was not an end all war, but it just may have been enough to enhance America as a whole.

Ethical Dimension In Strategic Hrm Commerce Essay

Ethical Dimension In Strategic Hrm Commerce Essay Ethical management can be defined as process of setting managerial goals of an organization through planning, organizing, leading and controlling the performance of the resource and members in an organization, and realizing the organization achievement and moral objectives effectively and efficiently through the should concept of enterprise management. The goals are to achieve the moral extent in organizational institutionalization by a certain managerial measures. Ethical management has been the trend of advanced human resource management. One of the essential themes of modern management is carrying forward and returning of humanistic spirit. The management mode of human resource under traditional economic man hypothesis does not fit in the reality in modern strategic human resource management. The human capital, based on the knowledge and skills, turns to be the base stones constitutes the core competence for the enterprise facing fiercely changing market environment in the knowled ge economic times. In the thesis, development history of ethical dimensions in strategic human resource management would be presented firstly, then why ethical management plays an important role in the strategic human resources management would be discussed. Meanwhile, the realistic significance of the ethical considerations in the strategic human resource management is explained by examples in organization. The examples focus on two activities of strategic human resource management, which are gender stereotype in recruitment and performance evaluation. Their relationships with the strategic human resource management are discussed in the following part. Seen from the quantity perspective, it is easily concluded that there are large number of theses or books illustrating strategic human resource management. Meanwhile, commercial ethical has also been discussed in many books and theses, focusing on the enterprise ethical institunalization. However, only a few of the books and theses will concentrate its main content on the ethical dimension in strategic human resource management, which is the overlapping part of the two issues. It can be concluded that ethical problems usually arise almost continually in human resource management. Human resources can be seen as people, and when people suffer a certain harm or loss for which they are not themselves responsible or they should not bear, as in a plant closing or corporate re-structuring, then ethical issues is needed to be taken into consideration in addition to the more common financial, legal, and behavioral forms of reasoning. Ethical considerations involves an evaluation of the impacts of the proposed managerial action upon the members of the organization and the members of the society, usually employees and workers as we discuss, and then justification of those impacts according to some defined principles or essential values of normative philosophy. None of these defined principles or essential values are adequate by themselves to justify a decision in an ethical dilemma, but taken together they do help in arriving at a decision that can be considered to be right and proper and ju st. The connection between the strategic human resource management and ethical considerations is close, which needs our discussion. Ethical considerations in strategic HRM Companied by the time going on and change in concept of enterprise, the cognition of people has ranged from economic man, social man, complex man, self-realization man, a series of new concepts in human resource management has been proposed. The concept has been penetrating to the managerial field accompanied by the management moralizing (Gary, 2002). More and more enterprise ethics are concerned and it has turned to be a popular trend. Among many resources constitute an organization, human resource has showed its importance in the development of an enterprise (Ceawley and Sinclair, 1994).To welcome the challenge occurred in the fierce competition and promote the development in long time, people first and human-based management should be the top concern in strategic planning. It has stirred great academic concern that strategic human resource management has an ethical dimension in which moral principles concerning acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Executives are supposed to maintain a high sense of values and conduct honest and fair practices with the employees. How to promote the value realization of human capital becomes an issue needs problem solving in modern human resource management. The ethic management meets the moral needs of human resource and satisfies their emotional demand.  ¼Ã‹â€ Teo and Warters, 2002) Meanwhile, the improvement in related laws and regulations has promoted the public prospect in the enterprise performance, which has exerted great influence on the management mode of human resource in a certain enterprise. Entrepreneurs morality can have a philosophical dimension. The enterprise is managed and controlled by human resource while human resource is the soul of an enterprise. The one who established the enterprise and the successors tend to reconsider and investigate the existing value of enterprise, which leads to the demand for ethic management in the strategic planning, especially in human resource management. As an entity for service or production in the whole society, the enterprise pursues profit and plays a role as platform for mutual development of both the employers and the employees. Working, from the advanced view, is not only a way for existence, but also a shortcut for healthy development and self-value realizing for individuals. Most employees desire for respectful, equally-treated and humane management mode. Once satisfied, it can promote the human capital into great play. The fiercer the human resource competition becomes, the fewer differences lies in ways for enterprise to attract human capital. So high salary and welfare benefits, high position and rights, ethical management in strategic human resource management, unusual enterprise culture atmosphere will lead to a bright prospect and image of an enterprise in the mind of a potential human resource. Among the factors influence the employer-employee relationships, working environment plays an essential role in attracting, maintaining and promoting the employees professional dedication. The enterprise should put human resource management as top priority to cultivate the culture atmosphere, so the ethical management in strategic human resource management can be a source for enterprise to gain competitive advantage (Wilson, 2005). The ethics has its special management functions for it offers a code to distinguish the good from the bad. The ethical code arises from the accumulation in daily life and roots in the mind of human resource. It defines the conduct boundary of the employees, then the rational anticipation forms between the enterprise and the employees (Starkey and McKinley, 1993). The conflict in profit and violation of laws and regulations, hitchhiking, opportunisms can be refrained to a certain extent. While cutting the operation cost, the managerial efficiency is promoted. Meanwhile, ethical managerial environment can inspire the employee to work more enthusiastically. More and more managers realize that most human capital will perform better in a enterprise full of trust, responsibility and ambition. The environment will be based on the value concept of trust, honesty, air and respect (Wen-Rong and Ben, 1996) A large area of human relations management is concerned with various ethical issues, both on the part of upper-level management in its business decisions and lower-level management in the treatment of individual employees. Philosophic decisions on the relocation of areas of production or entire plants can have a major impact on the company but also can be devastating to individual employees and the communities in which they live. Management decisions must be made honestly taking all factors into consideration, including social responsibility as well as stockholder concerns. On a lower level, supervisors must treat those they supervise fairly in matters of promotion and compensation (Kaufman, 2008). Relations between Strategic HRM and Gender Stereotype in Recruitment For many women, negative gender stereotypes can a huge barrier in their path for career development, especially in recruitment process. Companied by the further and detailed research in gender, it is a common conclusion that the gender stereotype is not only a psychological issue, but also an issue with ethical considerations (Boudreau, 2008). The discriminative gender stereotype, develops from the level of psychology to the level of ethics, it can penetrate to all the social activities by taking a role as peoples behavior codes. With all the development, the cognitive model can not be easily erased. The gender stereotype in recruitment is effects of the combined action of both strategic human resource management and ethical issues. It can be seen from the following perspectives. Firstly, the gender stereotype has a distinctive ethical trend. From the ethical development of the society, it can be easily seen that the mainstream moral outlook has internal connections with the gender stereotype (Warner, 2009). Slave owner class owns all the capital goods and slaves. When the enslavement comes into gender, women always are the accessories of men. Things go the same story in other societies; even now we can see the gender stereotype in strategic human resource management, especially in the process of recruitment. Secondly, the mindset of gender stereotype can be protective for the Patriarchal hierarchy. The stereotype has strong psychological hint and ethical bondage. Finally, the gender stereotype will hinder the gender ethics constructions (Taplin, 2008). Conflicts and disharmonies arise due to the deep-rooted gender disparity in ethical level. The issue of the gender stereotype in recruitment has received considerable attention in the field of management. A current study focuses on the female National Health Service nurses in the United Kingdom. Examining the recruitment experience of qualified female National Health Service nurses, the study finds that the gender stereotype is a important factor in womens career development. The nursing career in many countries such as United Kingdom, are usually been concluded as a chronic problem in employment and recruitment. For most people, they believe that nursing is field dominated by women. It is true, but unfortunately, it is easily to be overlooked or forgotten that female career development disadvantage even in the female dominated occupations. That is the reason why this thesis will adopt the nurses as representative of womens career and discuss the disadvantage in their career development, such as the recruitment process. The opportunities are usually given to those who are male while there are options between a male and female nurses who are same in other professional perspectives. Woman accounts for 92% of the nurse staff, but in higher nurse grade, the percent of male nurse is much larger while compared to their staff percentage, which is 8%. The explanation is quite easy. For most women, they will experience a special period of pregnancy, which is protected by the laws and regulations. The companies has to pay her in due time while she makes no contributions to the company. It is a lost for the companies. Meanwhile, physical agility is also taken into consideration in recruitment. Seen from perspective of ethics, how to protect the interest of women has become an important issue in the strategic human resource management. Relations between Strategic HRM and Performance Evaluation Performance evaluation is an important part in strategic human resource management. In strategic human resource management, generally ethics is treated as being relative, whether an action is moral or immoral, or right or wrong depends on the prevailing view of the particular individual human resource manager. Such view is certainly molded by the culture (Boudreau, 2008). A human resource manager may consider decisions to be ethical if all consequences are considered in the light of business needs balanced with consequences to all concerned, including the employees. In making decisions, the human resource manager should consider alternative solutions to the needs of the business as well as the effects the decisions will have on the living and well-being of the employees. Frequently a human resource manager will be given instructions from higher level management to take action which will be oppressive and unkind to the employees and the manager must either present argument to higher m anagement for alternate solutions which will have less impact on the employee morale or determine the best method for implementing the instructions from upper level. Business ought to conform to the best ethical practices, not just for principles of human dignity, but also to keep from violating federal laws. Though the laws may not be known, they would not be violated if the business were operated by ethical principles. Experience has shown that in the long term business profits will be greater for businesses that practice good ethical behavior than those which do not. One of the most challenging aspects of strategic human resource management is to maintain objectivity in the process of hiring, promotion, and compensation (Warner, 2009).For example, a male supervisor must refrain from promoting or increasing the compensation of an attractive woman who pays undue attention to him, but who consistently is late in arriving for her job and whose work is second rate. It is both reasonable and logical to assume that compensation should track performance and that ethical considerations would not be a factor in performance analysis (Carolyn, 2000). Sometimes it is difficult for a supervisor to follow it, and sometimes it is difficult to persuade an employee of its rationality. The supervisor who either recommends or has the authority to adjust compensation may be persuaded by other factors to downplay the performance of an employees production. Likewise, an employee who will be negatively impacted by measuring employee output may have a hard time understanding why lower production should produce lower income when the hours spent on the job are the same as others with higher production and higher income (Taplin, 2008). Employees evaluation generally will consist of multiple factors including such items as punctuality, attitude, appropriate apparel, personal grooming, language, neatness, congeniality, and performance output, among other things. The ev aluation process will be considerably different between service and production personnel and between general employees and professional employees. The ethical challenge arises when, after all the factors have been considered, the decision is made on a factor or factors other than those by which all the employees have been evaluated. Conclusion The human resource turns to be the base stone constitutes the core competence for the enterprise facing fiercely changing market environment in the knowledge economic times. The ethical issues are crucial in activities in strategic human resource management. Ethical management has been the trend of advanced human resource management. Ethical dimension in strategic human resource management has stirred great academic concern. The relations between the activities of strategic human resource management and ethical consideration can be concluded from the examples discussed in the thesis. The recruitment and evaluation process can be fair, open and just by taking the ethical issues into consideration. It can be seen that the communication should put ethical issues into considerations to raise the morale and cultivate a better working environment. Ethical issues have close connection with the strategic human resource management. Strategic human resource management can be improved through e thical considerations.

Voltaires Candide Essay -- Voltaire Candide Essays

Voltaire's Candide Throughout the novel, Candide, Voltaire repeatedly exploits the nature of humans to consider other's situations and lifestyles to be better than that of their own. Voltaire uses Candide's journeys to portray the human assumption that the grass is always greener on the other side. This theme is shown in Candide's strife for companionship, his experience with wealth, and his interaction with other characters. The situations that develop the theme do so in such a way that the reader is able to understand and relate to the aspirations of Candide. The first element used to convey the fact that Candide looks at others situations sees what he would like to have is in his journey to find the ideal companion. Throughout his adventures, Candide comes upon many different men with many different companionship situations. For example, during Candide's time with Count Pococurant, Voltaire indicates to the reader that Candide is impressed with the count's two women. (118) The amazement and awe by Candide is answered with an explanation from Count Pococurant that shows that he is happy with them, but is becoming tired of their presence. (118) Voltaire strongly appeals to the reader with this scene because mankind places male/female companionship as a top priority of life. Psychologists have classified human companionship as one of the most essential sociological needs of mankind. This is confusing to Candide's because Count Pococurant is unsatisfie...

Capitalization of Gender in Edna Millay’s Essay

The sonnet has experienced many modifications and innovations throughout the ages. Edna St. Vincent Millay’s â€Å"I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed† and Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s â€Å"Sonnet 43†, both Petrarchan sonnets, have diversified and helped pave the way for future female poets. In order to address and capitalize on ideas of gender connected to sonnet form and content, Edna Millay and Elizabeth Browning both revolutionize the traditional male-dominated sonnet form as females, Browning expresses overly sentimental and passionate emotion through content and Millay contradicts the social norm of female sexuality as well through content. Millay and Browning revolt against the male-dominated sonnet. Popular among prominent male poets, the sonnet was deemed unworthy for females, as men were far more educated and capable of fulfilling its high standards and strict guidelines. Both poets proved common beliefs wrong by excelling in the sonnet form. They used the Petrarchan sonnet, playing close attention to rhyme scheme and using iambic pentameter. They even incorporated the Volta between the octave and sestet, while using the first three lines in the sestet to introduce the change in tone and the last three lines in the sestet to conclude, invariably identical to the traditional Italian sonnet. At a time where women did not even have the right to vote, Millay and Browning both struggled to find a place in poetry writing, especially the sonnet form in which their predecessors were all male. The literary cannon and the Romantic Era consisted of all male poets who directed the sonnets to their lovers in regard to express their profound appreciation. Love has been the preferred sonnet theme since the 1300’s when the sonnet was created and both, Millay and Browning, stuck with the same traditional concept of love and lust as their topic. Being one of the most popular, sought out forms of poetry, the sonnet was the perfect way for nineteenth-century women to get out into the limelight and start a feminist movement. Or possibly, women poets stumbled toward the sonnet form due to its oppressive rules of rhyme scheme, structural shifts, meter and syllable count, it provided them a ready-made metaphor, suggesting difficulties in communication. Extremely restrained, the sonnet form helped make inexpressibility apparent, it therefore presented women sonneteers with an irony that revealed their circumstances of restricted speech and forced silence. Female poets, who incorporated the strict sonnet form, at a time difficult for women to freely embark in the lyric tradition, did so only to promote gender variance. Elizabeth Browning uses exceedingly sentimental emotions in her â€Å"Sonnet 43†. She either does so for ridicule or freedom for women to express themselves. By the use of such diction she is using satire and mockery of overly melodramatic reactions and feelings of a typical woman. â€Å"†¦ With my lost saints! -I love thee with the breath,/ Smiles, tears, of all my life!†¦ (12-13)†, even with the usage of several exclamation marks, she creates emphasis on the over exaggeration. In her Sonnet 43, Browning proclaims the pleasure love brings and pleads for a complete surrender to love, which seems far too corny. Or perhaps, she is just being herself, demonstrating to fellow females to be confident and unafraid of articulating and communicating your feelings. Following the thematic convention of rhyme scheme and iambic pentameter, Browning either wants to represent stereotypical females with her portrayal of unrealistic sensations or she wants to prove that even a completely feminine sonnet can create attentiveness to gender difference. Edna Millay challenges the social standards of female sexuality. Millay’s poem explores a female-centred perspective which opposes the widespread male-dominated presumptions of women. It is indeed a very sexual poem, revealing her sexual attraction and intentions to a particular man. Female sexuality was silenced in those times and rarely did women speak so openly and fearlessly of personal matters. She created a new realm of subject matters to women authors and helped support a liberated approach to life. The style of her poetry is formal with typical meter and rhyme scheme. Critics have repeatedly pointed out her bizarre connection of conventional poetic forms and structures with completely unconventional ideas and expressions. We must recognize and appreciate Millay for revealing the love ’em and leave ’em tactic normally exercised by males. However, because of the poet’s reversed gender, this strategy seems more modern, harmless and considerably humorous. There is irony and originality in a female using such rebellious content, perhaps she is scrutinizing normal male intentions, as it is regularly the women who are hurt in the end because they long for a relationship while the men are only looking for sex. The form may receive validity of tradition while the content concurrently mocks tradition. With the help of this poem she gained a reputation of a free-spirited and revolutionary social figure whose work followed her commemoration of life. Edna Millay’s poem fights for sexual freedom originally claimed by men, it fights for equality of the double standard that exists, which inhibits female sexuality and encourages male sexuality. Writing as women has led them to run â€Å"counter to† their culture and â€Å"against the grain of time† to echo Pounds’ words. Edna St. Vincent Millay’s â€Å"I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed† and Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s â€Å"Sonnet 43† redefine the standards of genre and gender norms. Millay and Browning both revolt against the regularly male sonnet form, they were attracted to its structural affinity to promote gender variance. Browning creates emphasis using ordinary female emotions, while Millay challenges normality of female sexuality. However at the same time there are distinct contrasts apparent, Browning’s poetry has a feminine quality with such passion and sentimentality while Millay’s poetry has a masculine quality, as it resists sentimentality with her ability to look beyond the status quo and her completely opposite lifestyle of love affairs. However, both poets attempt to reconcile with convention while contributing to gender capitalization, hoping to establish diversification equally valid for females. Both are icons for womanhood, both are masters of the sonnet forms and both are nurturers of ambition, independence, outspokenness and flaunting sexuality.

An Inspector Calls, Social Responsibility Essay

An Inspector Calls was written by J. B. Priestley after the Second World War. It is set in the spring of 1912 at the Brumley home of the Birlings, a prosperous industrial family in the North Midlands. When the Inspector Goole first enters the scene, Mr. Birling is giving some ‘good advice’, as he calls it, â€Å"A man has to make his own way – has to look after himself†¦The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has look after everybody else, as if we’re all mixed up together†. Collectively, the Birlings had been celebrating, rather decadently, a celebration of Gerald and Sheila’s engagement and Mr. Birling had also been talking about there being a good chance that he will be in the next honours list. There is also an interesting point when Mr. Birling talks openly of Gerald and Sheila’s social divide, â€Å"Your mother†¦feels you might have done better for yourself socially [than Sheila]†. This shows that the Birlings and the Crofts, both rich families, opinion that social class is everything and cannot be overlooked. Overall, the evening is almost entirely focused on society itself and how to ‘properly’ act in it. When the Inspector comes in, his manner is completely different and, as we find out later in the play, his opinion of society too. He is reserved, inquisitive and not afraid to ask impertinent questions to those who may be of higher social ‘standing’ than himself. Even more significance is shown later on in the play when the characters of Mr. Birling and that of the Inspector are found to be polar opposites. The set for â€Å"An Inspector Calls† Source: Wiki Commons Whenever you refer to text in the book, remember to put in the page number so that the examiner knows you are not â€Å"making it up. † It also shows you have more confidence in the points you are writing about. In his notes J. B. Priestley describes Inspector Goole as â€Å"a big man† but â€Å"creates an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness. † (p. 11). The stage directions repeatedly show him â€Å"cutting through, massively† (p. 12), â€Å"massively taking charge† (p. 28), â€Å"with authority† (p. 34), â€Å"cutting in, sharply† (p. 45). The director should take advantage of these stage directions and use them to make him seem larger than life and in full control of the situation in order to mimic the â€Å"character† of Inspector Goole, Goole behaves like a police inspector in that he remains in control, he dominates the other characters including Mr. and Mrs. Birling, who are used to dominating others and being obeyed: â€Å"(As Birling tries to protest, turns on him) Don’t stammer and yammer at me again, man. I’m losing all my patience with you people† He has no respect for them and this comes as a shock to the Birlings who are very highly respected throughout society, Mr.  Birlings only reply being, â€Å"what did he say? †, after this outburst Mrs. Birling is â€Å"rather cowed. † Aside from a few uncontrolled outbursts, Goole is constantly calm and unruffled and speaks â€Å"firmly† (p. 51) and â€Å"imperturbably† (p. 31). Goole is unusual and intriguing, however, in that he makes his close, personal feelings known to the Birlings. He represents Priestley’s moral view, the moral dimension of allowing others to see they can find forgiveness though future good behavior makes him different from a normal police inspector because he is more concerned with morality rather than legality. Furthermore he is outraged and disgusted about what has been done to Eva Smith and he lets the Birlings know this throughout the play, â€Å"She died in misery and agony hating life† (p28). His language is sometimes blunt, deliberately harsh and he defies Birlings attempts to rebuke him. Goole reminds Mr. Birling that he has responsibilities, â€Å"Public men, Mr. Birling, have responsibilities as well as privileges† (p. 41), this shows Goole’s feelings towards the upper class which we learn a lot more about further on in the play. Goole is also unintimidated when Mr. Birling tries to worry him by telling him that Colonel Roberts is â€Å"an old friend of mine. † (p. 16). The inspector, however, is unaffected and continues determinedly, refusing to be misled or diverted form his aim: to get each person to admit their part in Eva’s death, â€Å"it’s the way I like to work, â€Å"One person and one line of enquiry at a time. † (p. 12). It is because of his unusual qualities that the audience is led to suspect that Goole is not a normal police inspector. The Birlings also come to a similar conclusion and Mr. Birling and Gerald believe the whole affair to be a hoax. The audience is not so sure and we are left to reconsider when the phone call at the end of the play suggests the real inspector is about to arrive. This leaves us with the question that if the inspector isn’t real, then who is he? J. B. Priestley was very clever in the way he created the character of the inspector, he used Goole as a â€Å"tool† to represent his strong moral view of society and the way people think and do things. Priestley had strong socialistic views, and firmly believed that â€Å"we are all members of one body,† he saw the world as a community where everyone should be helping each other. An Inspector Calls is an informative play with a clear moral and political message which Priestley wanted the audience to accept. He effectively used Goole to voice the views he had. Mr. Birling says the inspector was â€Å"probably a socialist or some sort of crank- he talked like one† (p. 60) This tells us a lot about what message Priestley was trying to give to the audience as he himself was a socialist. Before the inspector tells us we are all links in the chain and we should look out for each other, the audience sees enacted before us exactly what might happen if we choose to ignore this view of society. Each of the Birlings is a link in the chain of events that lead to Eva Smiths suicide, even Gerald who has only just recently been engaged to Sheila. When Priestley, quite suddenly, reveals exactly how all the Birlings and Gerald are interconnected in Eva Smith’s suicide, he communicates immediately his message that: â€Å"We don’t live alone. We are members of one body. We are responsible for each other. † This sudden revelation is very effective because it makes the audience themselves aware that even they could have brought about similar tragedies without even knowing it, or at least become aware that there are â€Å"Millions and millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left†, meaning that there are a multitude of people in the world to whom similar circumstances have transpired, people that are so often forgotten in modern society, the audience suddenly becomes aware of these people, a revelation no doubt infinitely given weight and significance by the sudden manner that the Birling’s involvement with Eva Smith is made clear. Furthermore, this rather socialist concept and the fact that if it is ignored, â€Å"the time will soon come when, if men do not learn this lesson, then they will be taught it in fire and blood and anguish. † is very relevant since An Inspector Calls was released in 1945, the end of the Second World War, therefore much of the original audience might have been able to identify with the â€Å"fire and blood and anguish† because of the rather turbulent past six years. As can be seen, Priestley uses Eva Smith as a representative character type for the forgotten of society, the millions of individuals who are ignored and shunned through a series of misfortunes, disdain from others and more likely a lack of capital or means of support, generally ‘down and outs’. The fact that a World War had just ended also emphasises the pain and anguish these ‘Smiths’ suffered and are still suffering. Additionally, the fact that this could happen to anyone, even the very fact that it did happen, gives weight to Priestley’s views about looking out for each other, since a series of arguably negligible things lead the horrific suicide of a young girl. The Inspector as the questioner is a device used by Priestley to both convey his ideas about society and to build up dramatic tension, to make the play intriguing to the audience. One way in which he does this is the way in which he contrasts with Mr. Birling. Mr.  Birling is extremely confident and, some would say, arrogant at the beginning of the play, dismissing the possibility of a war based on his belief in progress an, ultimately, greed: â€Å"Nobody wants war except for some half-civilized folks in the Balkans†, â€Å"The world’s developing so fast that it’ll make war impossible† which, as the audience discovers later, contrasts strongly with the Inspector’s own views. Also, the Inspector arrives just after Mr. Birling had finished giving his ‘good advice’ to Gerald and Eric, that â€Å"A man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own†. The dramatic timing here is obvious, and the two characters continue to contrast throughout the play. The Inspector’s character gains weight, charisma and power, and therefore tension is built, throughout the play. The Inspector belittles and erodes the confidence of Mr. Birling, a man that is supposedly a powerful figure, and he is brought first to self-justification in defense of his actions, then eventually to anxiety, and this too builds tension by making the audience realise the Inspector as a formidable character, his power is such that they wonder what he will do next, what his next line of enquiry will be. One other obvious way tension is built is the way in which gradually the characters are all found to have played a part in the alleged murder of Eva Smith, though the separate showing of the photograph to each character. Obviously, if all the characters had been shown the photograph there would have been little if any dramatic tension and not much of a plot either. Finally, dramatic tension is built up through the use of dramatic irony. The audience instantly knows that Mr. Birling is wrong and his awe misguided when he talks of the Titanic: â€Å"TheTitanic†¦ orty six thousand eight hundred tones – New York in five days†¦and unsinkable†. We also know he is fatally inaccurate when talking of war: â€Å"Just because the Kaiser makes a speech or two, or a few German officers have too much to drink and begin talking nonsense†¦you’ll hear some people say that war is inevitable†. This gives the audience and advantage over the characters and espec ially Mr. Birling, which also builds tension because it makes the audience more involved by them being in possession of knowledge that the characters are not. Priestley’s decision to set his play in 1912 when it was written in 1944 is an interesting one. He does this for a number of reasons. For example, in Act 1, the beginning of the play, talks about how war is impossible â€Å"The world’s developing so fast it’ll make war impossible†. Before the arrival of the Inspector, Mr. Birling also states: â€Å"In twenty or thirty years time†¦in 1940†¦you may be giving a party like this†¦by that time you’ll be living in a world that’ll have forgotten all these Capital versus Labour agitations and all these silly little war scares. There’ll be peace and prosperity and rapid progress everywhere† The audience, of course, knows this to be untrue. In 1940 the Second World War was raging and after the war there most certainly was not â€Å"progress everywhere† and â€Å"Capital versus Labour agitations† were rife, especially in Eastern Europe where Labour (Communism) was taking hold and there would be the long lasting stand off known as the Cold War between Capitalism and Communism for many years to come. This quote, and many other extraordinary pearls of ignorance on the part of Mr. Birling, makes the audience again more involved in the play because they know more than the characters. This also gives the Inspector more credibility because he contrasts so much with Mr. Birling. The setting of the play also allows for the Inspector to better deliver his message. Priestley uses the Inspector to communicate his ideas of socialism and social equality, and when near the end of the play he states: â€Å"We don’t live alone. We are members of one body. We are responsible for each other†¦And the time will soon come when, if men will not learn that lesson, then they taught it in fire and blood and anguish† The timing is crucial. Priestley communicates his message very well by setting the play in 1912 because two years later, The Great War, or World War One, occurred, and in 1939 a Second World War occurred. The â€Å"Fire and blood and anguish† almost certainly refer to these wars, in which millions of lives were lost because, arguably, nations were acting like Mr. Birling, with greed, and ignorance to the â€Å"Eva and John Smiths† of the world. I believe An Inspector Calls to be a very effective play indeed. JB Priestley communicates his ideas and beliefs of social equality and collective responsibility through his character, Inspector Goole, who with the help of other characters in the play, shows the audience just what can happen if one chooses to ignore others and deny responsibility for one’s own actions and their consequences. In my opinion, the showing of the photograph of Eva Smith to only one character at a time is an extremely effective way of progressing the play, ensuring smooth continuity, because it is subtle. It is probable that the audience does not, and did not, notice the possibility that the characters were being shown different photographs. So in this way, JB Priestley makes the characters believe, makes them know, that they are each implicated in the suicide of a young girl. Subsequently, when the characters realise that the murder of the girl was not, in fact, their fault, the fact that Mr. Birling, after saying he â€Å"would give thousands, yes thousands† for Eva Smith to be alive again, celebrates again along with Mrs. Birling and Gerald Croft cements Priestley’s ideas of socialism by making clear the spinelessness of the upper class, and making clear the social divide that exists. The very fact that the characters can brush off the responsibility if the murder and ignoring that each of them actually had treated the ‘Eva Smiths’ badly is meant to shock the audience and in my opinion, this has, is and will work in JB Priestley’s An Inspector Calls.